researcher studied some theories, including educational research and development, instructional design, instructional media, narrative, digital
storytelling, and senior high school curriculum. The needs analysis was done through two ways; interviewing and
distributing the questionnaires. The researcher collected the information by distributing the questionnaires to the students of X MIA 5 of SMA N 8
Yogyakarta. As for the interview, it was done with an English teacher from SMA N 8 Yogyakarta.
2. Planning
In this step, the researcher adapted Kemp’s model under the framework
of educational RD. They are
determining goals, topics, and general purposes of the media
. The researcher used basic competence 3.6. and 4.8. stated in
Kurikulum 2013
of grade 10
th
senior high school competence as the basis for developing the media. The topic, general purposes, and goals are similar to the
basic competence stated in the
Kurikulum 2013
document.
3. Developing Preliminary Form of Product
In this step, the researcher began to select the media content and also develop the digital storytelling. The researcher took the story from a local legend
in Yogyakarta, titled “The Legend of Gajah Wong River”. The product was
made using two softwares. The first is an audio- mixing program named “Audacity”. Using this program, the researcher input the voice of the narrator,
the sound effect, and the background music. Then they were combined and exported as an audio file. To create the animated video, the researcher used an
online platform named Powtoon www.powtoon.com. First the pictures were hand- drawn and then went to coloring process using Photoshop. The pictures
that had been created were assembled in Powtoon website and combined with the audio.
After the digital storytelling was done, a lesson plan and exercises were made as an example of how to use the digital storytelling. It was made to
complete the digital storytelling as a teaching material. The exercises are comp
iled in “Teacher’s Guide”.
4. Preliminary Field Testing
In this step, the digital storytelling product was validated by the experts in related field. The r
esearcher applied evaluation cycle from Kemp’s model under the preliminary field testing of R and D. The researcher distributed
questionnaires about the designed digital storytelling as a medium to teach narrative for senior high school. The respondents were 2 PBI Sanata Dharma
lecturers and also 1 senior high school teacher form SMA N 8 Yogyakarta as the preliminary tester. The feedback and evaluation given from the lecturer became
the revision for the product.
5. Main Product Revision
Revision was done to revise the designed media based on the result of preliminary field testing. The data from the experts were used as feedback to
determine what went wrong in the media and how to improve it to produce the revised material. In the revision step, the product that had been evaluated then
revised based on the evaluation and feedback from the experts. Several
adjustments were made to fit the requirement from the experts and the needs of senior high school students.
B. Research Setting
The research took place in two places. The first research was done at SMA N 8 Yogyakarta which is located in Jl. Sidobali No. 1 Yogyakarta. The
second place was at Sanata Dharma University. The research was done in the period of March to May 2017.
C. Research Participants
There are three different research participants. The first participants were several students from Grade 10 as the respondents of questionnaire, an English
teacher as the participant for interview, and 2 lecturers as the participants for medium evaluation process. The participants involved in the study were
classified based on their roles into the groups below:
1. The Participants In the Research and Gathering Process
The purpose of this step was to collect some information needed to design a digital storytelling for grade 10 of senior high school such as:
learner’s characteristic, the student’s need, narrative learning in the class, facilities
provided, etc. To get the data, the researcher interviewed the English teacher of SMA N 8 Yogyakarta. Beside interview, the researcher also distributed
questionnaires to the students of grade 10 in SMA N 8 Yogyakarta. The participants are 30 students from X MIA 5 class. For the questionnaire, the
researcher used
intensity sampling
which involves selecting participants who exhibit different levels of the phenomenon of interest to the researcher Ary,
Jacob, Sorensen and Razavieh, 2010, p. 430. The researcher chose the participants of interview and questionnaire
based on their experience in teaching and learning narrative using digital storytelling media.
2. The Participants In Preliminary Testing Step
In this step, the researcher tested the product in a form of digital storytelling to the expert. The purpose of this step is to get feedback and
evaluation from the experts in the related field. The researcher asked 2 PBI Sanata Dharma lecturers and also 1 senior high school teacher from SMA N 8
Yogyakarta to be the participants to test the product. The lecturers chosen were those who were familiar with the integration of technology in the teaching and
learning process, especially in using or creating digital storytelling. The figure below shows the categorization of the respondents in preliminary testing step.
Table 3.1 Blank Description of the Preliminary Testing Participants
Participants Quantity
Educational Background
Teaching Experience S1
S2 S3
5 years 5-10 years
10 years
Teachers Lecturers
D. Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
In this research, the data were gathered to determine the need analysis in which it will be used to design the digital storytelling. To obtain the data, the
researcher first did a library study in which theories and framework were
