researcher used
intensity sampling
which involves selecting participants who exhibit different levels of the phenomenon of interest to the researcher Ary,
Jacob, Sorensen and Razavieh, 2010, p. 430. The researcher chose the participants of interview and questionnaire
based on their experience in teaching and learning narrative using digital storytelling media.
2. The Participants In Preliminary Testing Step
In this step, the researcher tested the product in a form of digital storytelling to the expert. The purpose of this step is to get feedback and
evaluation from the experts in the related field. The researcher asked 2 PBI Sanata Dharma lecturers and also 1 senior high school teacher from SMA N 8
Yogyakarta to be the participants to test the product. The lecturers chosen were those who were familiar with the integration of technology in the teaching and
learning process, especially in using or creating digital storytelling. The figure below shows the categorization of the respondents in preliminary testing step.
Table 3.1 Blank Description of the Preliminary Testing Participants
Participants Quantity
Educational Background
Teaching Experience S1
S2 S3
5 years 5-10 years
10 years
Teachers Lecturers
D. Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
In this research, the data were gathered to determine the need analysis in which it will be used to design the digital storytelling. To obtain the data, the
researcher first did a library study in which theories and framework were
gathered and put as a basic foundation in the research. In order to obtain the data from the research, the researcher applied some research instruments which
presented below:
1. Data Gathering Technique for Research and Information Gathering
The data gathering technique used in this research is interview, which is conducted to the English teacher of SMA N 8 Yogyakarta. Interview is a
method in which the researcher conducts one-on-one conversation with the subject. The researcher used semi- structured interview, in which the area of
interest is chosen and questions are formulated but the interviewer may modify the format or questions during the interview process Ary et al, 2010. In
conducting the interview, the researcher prepared several open- ended questions related to the use of digital media in the classroom.
The second technique used in this research is by distributing questionnaire. The researcher distributed them in class X MIA 5 in SMA N 8
Yogyakarta. Questionnaire is used to obtain the data from the students related to their need and interest. Since the participants were 30 students, questionnaire
was considered as the most effective data collector. The questions were in a form of 7 close- ended questions and 3 open- ended questions.
2. Data Gathering Technique for Preliminary Field Testing
For the preliminary field testing, the researcher distributed questionnaires to 3 respondents; 2 PBI lecturers and 1 senior high school teacher. The close-
ended questionnaire was d esigned based on Likert’s scale which has the
statement from strongly disagree to strongly agree Ary et al., 2010. Table 3.2. below shows the format of the questionnaire.
Table 3.2. The Format of the Close- ended Questionnaire
No Statements
Degree of Agreement
1 1
2 3
4 5
2
E. Data Analysis Technique
The data gathered by the interview and questionnaire were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The data obtained in the research
and information gathering step were interpreted using qualitative data analysis, and the data obtained in preliminary field testing were analyzed using
quantitative data analysis. The technique of analyzing the data is described below.
1. The data from research and information gathering
The result obtained by the library study were interpreted and put into a strong framework for the research. The framework is used as the underlying
theory and basis for developing the design. From the questionnaires, the close- ended questions results are classified based on their answer and turned into
percentage. Ary et al. 2010, p. 121 say that “percentage is calculated by
dividing the total number in one category by the total number in all categories and multiplying
the result by 100”. Percentage, however, could express the information in clearer way. It is useful to convert numbers to percentages in
order to be able to talk about the proportion responding a certain way and to be
able to make comparisons. Thus it will be easier to interpret them. Table 3.3.
below shows an example of the table used in interpreting the data.
Table 3.3 . Summary of the Learners’ Questionnaire Part A
No Statements
Yes No
1
x 100 x 100
x : student’s answer
∑x : total students
The second part of the questionnaire is in form of open- ended questions. For this part, the researcher turned the answer into percentage and
put them in a graph. Hence, the data from the questionnaires could be analyzed clearer and easier.
2. The Result from the Preliminary Field Testing
The data obtained from preliminary field testing are divided into two parts: close- ended and open- ended. The close- ended data were analyzed by
converting the result into percentage Ary et al., 2010. Table 3.4. below shows an example of the table used in analyzing the data.
Table 3.4. Summary of Media Evaluation Questionnaires Close- ended
No Statement
Degree of Agreement 1
2 3
4 5
1 x 100
