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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter discusses the theories used in the research. There are several parts that will be explained. They are a Theoretical Descriptions and b
Theoretical Framework. They provide information and theories related to the study. A theoretical framework is also included to show the relationship between
the study and the theories applied.
A. Theoretical Descriptions
In this chapter, some theories used in the research are discussed. The theories are educational research and development, instructional design model,
narrative, digital storytelling, instructional media, and senior high school curriculum.
1. Educational Research and Development
In designing the media the researcher uses Research and Development RD approac
h by adapting Borg and Gall’s theory 1983. Educational Research and Development RD
is an industry-based development model in which the findings of the research are used to design new products and
procedures, which then are systematically field tested, evaluated, and refined until they meet specified criteria of effectiveness, quality, or similar standards
Borg Gall, 1983.
RD exists to bridge the gap between research and practice. Based on Borg and Gall approach Borg Gall, 1983, this model consists of ten major
steps. They are: a.
Research and information collecting need analysis. It includes
several activities such as review of literature, classroom
observations, and preparation of report of state of the art.
b.
Planning. It includes defining skills, stating objectives, determining course sequence, and small scale feasibility testing.
c. Develop the preliminary form of product. In this step, the
preliminary product is developed by conducting the plans discussed previously. It includes preparation of instructional materials,
handbooks, and evaluating devices. d.
Preliminary field testing. After the preliminary product is finished, then it is tested to obtain the qualified evaluation of the product.
The method used in this step can be in a form of interview, distributing questionnaires, or observation.
e. Main product revision. The data obtained from the preliminary
field testing then are used as feedback in revising and improving the educational product.
f. Main field testing. The revised product is tested again to determine
the success of the product in meeting its objectives. This step determines whether the educational product under development
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