33
4.1.2 Classified and Analyzed “Life of Pi” Movie Subtitle in DVD Version Based On Translation Technique
This portion of the chapter discusses the translation techniques used by NN, in the first 134 dialogs of the DVD version Life of Pi movie. The following
paragraphs briefly explain how the translation techniques are determined as shown in Appendix A, it also shows what factors categorize the translation of the dialogs into
their respective translation techniques. Figure 4-1 shows the frequency of each of the seven translation techniques as
used by NN in the translation. Out of the 134 dialogs in the translation, literal translation is found to be used in 95 dialogs, 4 dialogs use transference, 12 dialogs
use transposition, 23 dialogs that use modulation and 1 dialog uses equivalence.
Figure 4-1 Translation technique chart: DVD version.
4.1.2.1 Literal Translation
Literal translation is a technique of translation that translates a word or an expression word for word in text.
20 40
60 80
100 Adaptation
Equivalence Modulation
Calque Transposition
Transference Literal
34 1. To demonstrate how NN’s translation of a sentence determined to use
literal translation, here is the dialog in 0:03:58 of the movie subtitle no. data: 1:
SL So
you were raised
in a zoo Conj S
P Comp
?
TL Jadi
kau dibesarkan
di kebun binatang Conj S
P Comp
?
In this example, ‘Conj’ stands for adverb, the word in a sentence that connects the dialog above with the dialog before it. ‘S’ stands for ‘Subject’
usually in the form of noun or pronoun. ‘P’ stands for ‘Predicate’ or the action, usually in verb form, in a sentence. ‘Comp’ is the ‘Complement’,
which is the additional element of a sentence, apart from the two compulsory sentence elements: the subject and predicate. Complement can be in the form
of a noun, pronoun, adjective or adverb. As it shows, both SL sentence and its translation have the same structure
Conj-S-P-Comp. SL sentence follows SL grammar and TL sentence follows the TL grammar. The meaning of the words in SL correlates with the
meaning of their respective sentence. Here is the proofs:
Word You
Kau Meaning
element
grammatical form
Pronoun Pronoun
View second person
second person
singularplural Singular
Singular gender
Neutral Neutral
Table 4-1 Meaning elements of ‘you’ and ‘kau’
35 From table 4-1 above, it is gathered that 4 out of 4 meaning elements of
‘you’ SL word are exact matches to those of ‘kau’ TL word. Note that the simple form of the predicate ‘were raised’ is ‘be raise’ in
passive form. In Bahasa Indonesia, the meaning of the verb ‘be’ depends on the word that follows it. In this case, because ‘raised’ is a verb word in past
form, the ‘were raised’ is translated as ‘dibesarkan’, which the prefix ‘di’ and suffix ‘-kan’ shows the passive form in Bahasa Indonesia grammar.
2. The other example of using the literal translation technique shows from the dialog in the 0:03:59 no. data: 2 of this movie subtitle:
SL Born and
raised V
Conj V .
TL Lahir dan
dibesarkan V
Conj V .
In this example, ‘V’ stands for ‘Verb’ usually means the action. ‘Conj’ stands for ‘Conjunction’, the word in a sentence that connects two words
correlates. The words ‘born’ and ‘raised’ are both verbs. So, those words can be connected by the conjunction ‘and’ in that sentence.
3. The dialog in 0:04:05 no. data: 4 of this movie is using literal translation technique :
SL My fatherownedthe zoo
S V N .
TL Ayahkupunyakebun binatang
S V N .
36 In this example, the subject is ‘my father’. Subject is the doer of the
activity in the sentence. ‘My father’ is translated into ‘ayahku’ that has the same meaning in Bahasa Indonesia. There is also a verb word ‘owned’ means
‘possess or belonging’. In Bahasa Indonesia the words ‘ownedpossessbelonging’ can be translated into
‘memilikimempunyaipunyakepunyaan’. So, in this dialog the translator used the word ‘punya’ to translating ‘owned’ in the SL text.
4. The dialog in 0:04:10 no. data: 6 of this movie is using literal translation technique:
SL who was there to check on the Bengal monitor lizard.
TL yang sedang meneliti Biawak Bengal.
In this example, both of the texts are not sentences but clauses, adjective clauses. In SL text, there is ‘who’, an adjective clause pronoun. In this case,
the adjective clause pronoun is used as the subject. In TL this adjective clause pronoun is translated into ‘yang’ though there are no such a adjective clause
pronoun term in TL, there are a help word that have same function as an adjective clause pronoun. Here are the proofs:
SL TL
Adjective Clause Pronoun
Function Adjective Clause
Pronoun Function
Who as the subject
used for people
yang as the
subjectobject of the verb used
for both people and things
Which as the
subjectobject of the verb used
for things yang
That as the
subjectobject of yang
37 the verb used
for both people and things
Whom as the object of a
verb used generally in very
formal English Yang
Whose to show
possession yang …-nya
to show possession
Where to modify a
place dimana
to modify a place
When to modify a
noun of time ketika
to modify a noun of time
Table 4-2 Adjective Clause Pronouns
From table 4-2, it shows that the adjective clause pronouns in SL has differentiate by its own function while in TL, there are no such that things.
The adjective clause pronouns that used as the subjectobject of the verb are translated into one word, ‘yang’.
6. The other example in 0:04:23 no. data: 10 of the movie: SL
The way of karma, huh? TL
Itu jalannya Karma, kan ? 0:04:26 no. data: 11
SL The way of God.
TL Jalan Tuhan.
In this dialog, the translation technique that used is literal technique, because it is translated from word-to-word and the same meaning and
structure as well. 7. In the dialog 0:04:29 no. data: 12 of this movie subtitle.
SL Thats quite a story.
TL Itu cerita yang menarik.
38 8. In the dialog 0:04:35 no. data: 14 of this movie subtitle.
SL Far from it, I was named after a swimming pool.
TL Tak jauh dari itu, aku diberi nama seperti kolam renang.
9. In the dialog 0:04:31 no. data: 13 of this movie subtitle. SL
I had assumed your father was a mathematician because of your name.
TL Kuyakin ayahmu ahli matematik dilihat dari namamu.
10. In the dialog 0:04:57 no. data: 20 of this movie subtitle. SL
Is Francis actually your uncle? TL
Apa Francis sebenarnya pamanmu?
11. In the dialog 0:05:01 no. data: 22 of this movie subtitle. SL
Hes my honorary uncle, I call him Mamaji. TL
Dia paman yang kuhormati . Aku memanggilnya Mamaji.
12. In the dialog 0:05:15 no. data: 26 of this movie subtitle. SL
A mouthful of water will not harm you, but panic will TL
Seteguk air takkan membahayakanmu. Tapi panik iya.
13. In the dialog 0:07:59 no. data: 70 of this movie subtitle. SL
which is also used in mathematics to represent the ratio. TL
Juga digunakan dalam matematika untuk melambangkan perbandingan.
39 14. In the dialog 0:08:02 no. data: 71 of this movie subtitle.
SL of any circles circumference to its diameter.
TL dari garis batas diameter lingkaran.
4.1.2.2 Transference
