Jarir ibn at-hayyah wa asy'arahu fi hija al-farazdag (dirasatu tahliliyyah)

‫ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺃﺷﻌﺎﺭﻩ ﰲ ﻫﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯﺩﻕ‬
‫)ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ(‬
‫ﲝﺚ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬

‫

‬
‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻳﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ‪١٠٧٠٢١٠٠١٣٩٩ :‬‬

‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‬
‫‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ ‪١٤٣٢ /‬ﻫـ‬

‫ﺃ‬

‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ‬

‫ﰱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺻﺮﺣﺖ ﺑﺄﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻛﺘﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﰱ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺿﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ – ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻭﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﻝ ﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻓﺄﺳﺘﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﺘﻠﻢ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ – ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪ ٢٧ ،‬ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ ‪ ٢٠١١‬ﻡ‬

‫ﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻳﺎﻧﺔ‬

‫ﺏ‬

‫ﺝ‬

‫ﲡﺮﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻳﺎﻧﺔ ‪ :‬ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﺃﺷﻌﺎﺭﻩ ﰱ ﻫﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯﺩﻕ )ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ(‬

‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺰﺭﺓ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﻌﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﲑﺑﻮﻋﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﻧﺸﺄ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰱ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻧﺸﺄ ﰱ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﳛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﲝﺜﻬﺎ ﲢﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ﺃﻥ ﲡﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ ﻭ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺃﺷﻌﺎﺭﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﻔﺮﺯﺩﻕ؟ ﻭﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻬﺠﻮ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯﺩﻕ؟ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺑﻪ ﻭﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﰱ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻬﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺋﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪ .‬ﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﻄﺮﻭﺡ ﻭﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻮﺀ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﻴﺔ ﰱ ﲨﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴﺔ ﰱ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﻩ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﰱ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﲢﻠﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ‪ :‬ﺳﺒﺐ ﻫﺠﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺯﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﻫﺠﺎﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﻫﺠﺎﺋﻪ ﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﳉﺴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻩ‬

‫ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺷﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺷﻌﺮ ﲟﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻭﺭ ﰱ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﺗﻀﻴﺊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮﻱ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﺷﺒﻊ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺃﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺇﻫﺪﺍﺀ ﻣﲏ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻰ ﻷﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻀﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﲟﺴﺎﻋﺪ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺁﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺳﻜﺮﺗﲑﺗﻪ ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺗﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺑﺬﻟﻮﺍ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻫﻢ ﰱ ‪‬ﺬﻳﱯ ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﻭﺭﺩﺍﱏ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﲟﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﰱ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﺈﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ )‪ (LIPIA‬ﻭ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﺗﺎﺣﻮﺍ ﱄ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﲦﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ‬

‫‪ .٤‬ﺃﰉ ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﻣﻬﺪﻳﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻣﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﳝﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺘﺮﺑﻴﱴ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪﳘﺎ ﺍﻳﺎﻯ ﺑﺄﺧﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﳝﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺻﻐﲑﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺇﺳﻬﺎﻣﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺈﲤﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻰ ‪ :‬ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺳﻴﻒ ﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺳﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺭﲪﻮﰐ ﻓﻮﺯﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻳﻨﺎ ﺣﻮﺗﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻓﺎﺋﺰﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻭﱏ ﺟﺰﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺰﻳﻬﻢ ﺧﲑ ﻣﺎﳚﺰﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻭﻋﺴﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺯﻗﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻮﻣﺎ ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺒﻨﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻧﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻌﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﱃ ﻭ ﻧﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﲑ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ‬

‫) ﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻳﺎﻧﺔ (‬

‫ﺯ‬

‫ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻑ ‪....................................................................‬‬

‫ﺃ‬

‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ‪.....................................................................‬‬

‫ﺏ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪...............................................‬‬

‫ﺝ‬

‫ﲡﺮﻳﺪ ‪.............................................................................‬‬

‫ﺩ‬

‫ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ‪ ......................................................................‬ﻫـ‬
‫ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪...................................................................‬‬

‫ﺯ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪...........................................................‬‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ‪................................................................‬‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ‪...............................................................‬‬

‫‪٦‬‬

‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪............................................................‬‬

‫‪٧‬‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪.............................................................‬‬

‫‪٧‬‬

‫ﻩ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪.................................................................‬‬

‫‪٨‬‬

‫ﻭ‪ .‬ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪..................................................................‬‬

‫‪٩‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ ‪ :‬ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﻔﺮﺯﺩﻕ ‪١٠ .....................................‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ‪١٠ .... .............................................................‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺘﻪ ‪١٢ .........................................................................‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﺃﺷﻌﺎﺭﻩ ‪١٤ ........................................................................‬‬

‫ﺡ‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﻔﺮﺯﺩﻕ ‪١٨ ................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﶈﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ‪٢٢ ...........................................‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ‪٢٢ .................................................................‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ‪٢٥ ............................................................‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ‪٢٧ .............................................................‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ﰱ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻰ ‪٢٨ .....................................................‬‬

‫‪ .٢‬ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ﰱ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪٢٩ ................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ﰱ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ ‪٣٠ .....................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ‪ :‬ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺠﺎﺀ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺯﺩﻕ ‪٣٢ ................................‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ﰱ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ‪٣٥ ...................................................‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻫﺠﺎﺀ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ‪٣٩ ...........................................................‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﳉﺴﻤﻲ ‪٣٩ ............................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ‪٤٠ ............................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻲ ‪٤٠ ...........................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ ‪٤١ .............................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ ‪٤٣ .................................................................‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ ‪٤٣ ......................................................................‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ‪٤٥ ...................................................................‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪٤٦ .................................................................‬‬

‫ﻁ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬

‫ﳑﺎ ﻻﺷﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻗﺪﱘ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻓﻄﺮ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻐﺘﻬﻢ ﺃﺩﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺎ ﰱ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰉ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﲝﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰱ ﺃﺫﻭﺍﻗﻬﻢ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺗﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ‪.‬‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻮﺭ ﰱ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﰱ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻯ‪.‬‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫دى أ ‪ ،‬ازدهر ا
 ا ب 
ا  ا 
‪ ،‬ر
  رة‪ ،‬آ ادب وام ا 
 !
‬

‫‪ "#‬ها ا‪ %‬ا'& ا)(‪ ،٢٠٠٢ ،‬ص ‪١‬‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬

‫ﺍﺯﺩﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﰱ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻔﻘﺖ ﺳﻮﻗﻪ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺇﺟﺰﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻳﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻴﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺋﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺧﻮﺍﺭﺝ ﻭﺯﺑﲑﻳﲔ ﺃﺛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﰱ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﺪﺕ ﺃﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﰱ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﻱ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃ‪‬ﺎﺭ ﻭﻗﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺋﻖ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲟﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﻳﺔ ﰱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻭﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‪ ٣.‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﻧﲏ ﺳﺄﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ﻏﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﳍﺠﺎﺀ ﰱ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻯ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎﺀ ﰱ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻰ‪ ٤.‬ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﻂ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻤﺔ ﰱ ﺃﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺼﺎﺋﺪ ﺗﻌﱪ ﻋﻤﺎ ﳛﺲ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﲡﺎﻩ ﻣﻬﺠﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﳒﺪ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ﻳﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱴ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺼﻒ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺠﻮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﱴ ﻳﺮﻣﻴﻪ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪٢‬‬

‫‪٢٦٧‬‬

‫‪ ./‬ا‪ 3) 12 00‬ا‪ ،456‬ادب ا 
ور‪) ،‬ا‪ (33‬اد‪ :‬وزارة ا;‪ :‬ا
 ١٤٠٢ ،‬ص‬

‫‪٣‬‬

‫ا ان‪ ،‬ص ‪٢٦٨‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫ا ان‪ ،‬ص ‪٢٧٢‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬

‫ﺷﺄﻥ ﺍﳋﺼﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﳉﺄ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻀﺤﻜﺎﺕ ﻷﻥ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻀﺤﻚ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﻠﻬﻢ ﻟﻐﲑﻩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺅﻭﻥ ﰱ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ ﻛﺜﲑﻭﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻗﻄﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻔﺮﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﳔﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﻝ‪ ٦.‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﺛﲎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺅﻭﻥ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯﺩﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺰﺭﺓ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﲑﺑﻮﻋﻰ ﺍﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻠﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺣﲔ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺋﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺴﺐ ﺛﻼﺛﺘﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﻠﻘﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲎ ﻳﺮﺑﻮﻉ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﲤﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺸﺄ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻭﻧﺒﻎ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰱ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺠﺎﺋﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺧﻮﺿﻪ ﰱ ﺃﻏﺮﺍﺿﻬﻢ ﻋﻔﺔ ﻭﺩﻳﻦ ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻃﺒﻊ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺃﺛﺮﻫﺎ ﰱ‬
‫ﺷﻌﺮﻩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٧‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬

‫‪ ،C2 .‬ا ! )
ادب ا 
ور(‪ ).‬آ ا‪D‬دب وام ا'
‪
! :‬آ‪ (٢٠٠٥،
E‬ص ‪٨‬‬
‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪ ./‬ا‪ 3) 12 00‬ا‪ ،456‬ا‪ #$‬ا&‪ ،%‬ص ‪٢٧٢‬‬
‫‪٧‬‬
‫أ‪ 3G‬ا (رى و ا‪ ،