illocutionary acts at the same time while reading the novel. Each time the data found, it was noted down with the page numbers.
2. When the identification of each type of commissive and expressive
illocutionary acts in the novel done, the data then classified by its types based on the theory of classification of illocutionary acts by Searle 1979. Then, the
intended meanings of each type of illocutionary acts used within the novel were also explained.
3. Then, it was continued by analyzing the theory of context of situation,
proposed by Halliday 1989, in affecting the intended meanings in a particular situation was explained.
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW, CONCEPTS, AND THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
2.1 Literature Review
Pusparini 2010, composed a study entitled “The Analysis of Illocutionary Acts Found in the Pond Scum By Allan Silberberg”. The study was
conducted in order to find not only the types of illocutionary acts used in the novel, but also the function of those illocutionary acts based on the context of the
situation. The relevancy between Pusparini’s and this study is that both discuss illocutionary acts and the data sources are the same which is a novel. What make
this study different from Puparini’s is in the theory that is going to be used. She used the theory of Illocutionary Acts proposed by Bach and Harnish 1979,
whereas John Searle’s theory is going to be used to support this study. In addition, the Pusparini analyzed the context of situation using Hyme’s theory, but in this
study Halliday’s is going to be used. She made good analysis, gave detail explanation, and presented the data clearly. Therefore this study gave contribution
in giving a good example of elaborating theory to be applied in analyzing the data. Widiarta 2013, completed a study entitled illocutionary acts found in
Harry Potter and The Goblet of Fire by Joanne Kathleen Rowling. The study was conducted in order to find the types of illocutionary acts found in the novel.
Besides, the study also concerns on how the context of situation rewrite the language used by the participants in the novel. The relevancy between Widiarta’s
to this study is that both focus on classifying utterances into types of illocutionary acts with novel as reference. In addition, Widiarta’s study used theory of speech
act by Searle 1979 and theory of context of situation by Halliday 1989, which are similar to this study. In this study, the influence of the context of situation to
the intended meaning of the speaker was the core, while in Widiarta’s, she focused on how the context of situation rewrite the language used by the
characters in the novel. Widiarta did a great job by explaining the data clearly in accordance to the problem discussed.
Another undergraduate thesis taken as reference is from Widiani 2008. The study discussed about the types of commisives and expressives illocutionary
acts occurred in a play, in which make the study is relevant to be reviewed as it focuses in the same. The study also explained about how the context of situation,
but in different perspective, which is on how it supports the appearance of commissives and expressives illocutionary acts along with the responses given by
the hearer. The data of Widiani’s were collected from a play The Sins of The Motherby Morinelli which is considered to be the difference to this study by
which using a novel as the data source. Some of the theories used in the study are different from this study. Widiani used theory of pragmatics, speech acts,
illocutionary acts, and context of situation by Hymes 1972, while this study is going to use theory of speech acts by Austin 1962, illocutionary acts by Searle
1979 , and theory of context of situation by Halliday 1989. Widiani was able to describe her answers neatly to the problems proposed which makes this study
quite inspirational.
