Data Analysis Technique METHODOLOGY

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E. Data Analysis Technique

In order to answer the research questions, the data were analyzed through the several steps. The steps to analyze the data were discussed into two parts. The first part is the data analysis to answer the first research question, whereas the second part is the data analysis to answer the second research question. 1. Data Analysis to Answer the First Research Question In order to measure the mastery of English prepositions at, in, and on among the fifth semester students, the first thing to do by the researcher was to score the test. Then, the writer made a scoring system, which was employed to code the students’ answers in the test. The scoring system was classified into two categories. To elicit the clearer description of both categories, Table 3.4 was presented as follows. Table 3.4 Raw Scores and Their Meanings No. Raw Scores Meaning of Raw Scores 1. Incorrect answer no answer 2. 1 Correct answer The first category signified the choice of answer of the students which was incorrect. This category also signified the absence of students’ answer. When the students did not write their answer to a certain item in the available space, it was considered similar to incorrect answer. Therefore, the score for incorrect answer or no answer to each item is zero 0. The second category signified the correct choice of answer of the students. When the students wrote the correct answer in each item, they would obtain one 1 as the score. After giving the raw score to PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 52 each item of the test, the researcher counted the correct answers. Then, the total number of correct answers was multiplied by 100. To obtain the final score of the test, the result of this multiplication was divided by 36. After the scoring was completed, the raw scores of the selected respondents were tabulated. After scoring all the students’ answers, the researcher counted the final score of each student. Then, the researcher classified the score based on Peraturan Akademik Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta 2002: 14, where 56 was the minimum standard to pass the test. The researcher also counted the mean and standard deviation. The computation of the mean was used to determine the level of students’ mastery based on Peraturan Akademik Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta, whereas the computation of standard deviation was used to show the spread of the scores. 2. Data Analysis to Answer the Second Research Question After the questionnaires had been collected, the researcher analyzed the data by putting the data in a table and discussed them based on the two categories. The categories were based on the students’ response to each item of the questionnaire. The students who had positive response to each item in the questionnaire tended to choose YES Y column, moreover, the students who had negative response to each item in the questionnaire tended to choose NO N column. Then, the writer made a questionnaire scoring system, which was employed to code the students’ answers in the questionnaire. The scoring system was classified into two categories, which were presented in Table 3.5. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 53 Table 3.5 The Scores and Their Meanings No. Scores Meaning of Scores 1. 1 Positive response Y 2. Negative response N When the students have positive response to a certain item, the score of the item would be one 1. It is signified by the first category. Whereas in the second category, it signified that when the students have negative response to a certain item, the score of the item would be zero 0. Afterwards, the researcher calculated the average of each degree of agreement to inform the researcher about the respondents’ tendency on each item. The formula used to calculate the average degree of agreement was as follows. _ Σ x x 100 Σ n where Σ x : The number of the students based on the degree of agreement Σ n : The number of all students In order to ascertain the validity of the data obtained from the questionnaire and the interview, the researcher conducted data triangulation. Patton 2002: 247 states that data triangulation is “the use of variety of data sources in a study.” He also says that data triangulation is intended to produce the consistency of findings. In this research, the researcher used data triangulation by using the use of source technique since “the researcher cross-checked the data acquired from the questionnaire with the result of the interview” Patton, 2002: 195. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 54

F. Research Procedure