1. Silent Pause
A period of no speech between words can be called silent pause. Speed of talking is almost wholly controlled by the sum of such pausing. People who speak
slowly hesitate a lot and when they speed up their rate of words, they do it by eliminating the pauses, not by shortening the words. This kind of speech error is
usually symbolized by [ ]. For example : - Wrap up the food
- Lets make some cookies
2. Filled Pause
The next type of speech
,
errors is filled pause. The period of no word between the speeches is filled up by the expressions such as er , ah ,mm “uh. or any
others that fill the gap when the speaker is speaking. This second type of speech error is symbolized by […]
For Example : - Wrap up the, ah, the food - Lets make some, er, cookies:
3. Repeats
This must be the third type of speech errors. Repeats occur when the speakers repeat one or more words in an utterance. When people talk very fast and
spontaneously, this kind of speech errors will happen. Repeats can be symbolized by [ ].For example :
-Wrap up the food the food
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- Lets make some cookies some cookies
4. Retraced False Starts
Retraced false starts are another type of speech errors. They can simply mean the corrections of a word. It also includes of one or more words before the
corrected words. This kind of error is symbolized by [\] For example : - Wrap up the drink \the food
- Lets make some bread \ cookies
5. Unretraced False Starts
The next type of speech errors is unretraced false starts. Something that makes them different is that unretraced
.
false starts do not include the repetition of one or more words
i
n a sentence before the words that are being corrected. There
is no repetition of the words before the corrected words. What we are to do is correct the corrected words to the right ones directly. This type of errors is usually
marked by [\\]. For example : - Wrap up the drink \\ food
- Lets make some bread \\ cookies
6. Corrections
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