purposes that a speaker should keep in mind that is to impress the listeners with a motive for believing, i.e., self-preservation, power, profit, pleasure, pride, etc.
Furthermore, it is to convince them of the logic of the speakers proposal, i.e., the relation between cause and effect, theory and practice, etc. Sometimes, the
speaker shall have to create or to retain an emotional attitude favorable to belief in the proposal such as anger and sympathy.
Everything depends upon the speech situation, and these situations vary more widely than for any other type of speaking. The style of delivery should be
adapted to the occasion and to the audience. Moreover, the delivery before the audience that is apathetic to the situation will differ from that which the speaker
will employ before an interested group, or one that is hostile. In general, however, a straightforward, energetic presentation that suggests enthusiasm without
seeming overemotional is the most effective in securing conviction.
e. Answering Questions and Objection
When someone asks a question or raises an objection to something a speaker has said, the ultimate object of speakers answer will be to further the
particular purpose of the speech about which the questions are asked. The immediate purpose of the answer to the questions, however, will be to satisfy the
questioner”.Questions are asked for one of two reasons – to secure additional information or to raise se an objection to what has been said. To satisfy the
questioner, therefore, a speaker must either give the questioner the additional facts he demands or convince him that his objection is invalid. The second purpose is to
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satisfy others in the audience. “Sometimes a speaker may not care what the to person who questioned he thinks, but the point he has raised may be an important
one in the minds of other members of the audience. Therefore, a speakers answer must be directed not only to the questioner himself but also to the others whose
objection he has voiced. The last purpose is to retain speakers prestige” The method a speaker will use in answering questions or objections must
depend upon the real reasons of those who raise them. A speaker will answer the mere troublemaker in way different from that in which he will answer one who is
sincerely interested.
4.2. Seven Essentials of Speech Preparation
When we are faced into a situation in which we have to expand our ideas into into speech, it would be possible and considerable if we have some steps to be
undertaken. These steps will then comprise the essentials that we shall follow if we want to be a highly effective speaker. It will not be always possible or perhaps
even advisable, to arrange the works in just this order. Ordinarily, of course, he speaker shall want to survey the problem before he starts shaping p the speech and
he will have to build a speech before he can practice it. But regardless of the order in n which a speaker considers the seven items listed, a thorough preparation will
include them all as described by Steve Allen 1986. The seven essentials of speech preparation are listed as follows:
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a. Determining the Purpose of the Speech
