a The discourse ability. It is the ability to comprehend and produce oral and written texts realized in the four language skills such as
listening, speaking, reading writing in an integrated manner to achieve the level of functional literacy.
b The ability to comprehend and produce a variety of functional text and monologues and short essays formed in procedure, descriptive,
recount, narrative, and report. c Supporting competencies. These competencies are consisted of
linguistic competence, socio cultural competence, and discourse competence.
These are some factors related to curriculum in junior high schools. The researcher focuses his research on improving the students’ speaking
skill. Therefore, the next sub theories will show the explanation about speaking, which is important to help the researcher in preparing the
research instruments.
3. Speaking
a. The Nature of Speaking
Rahman 2010:1 says that speaking is the mode of communication mostly often used to express opinions, make
arguments, offer explanations, transmit information, and make impressions upon others. Students need to speak well in their
personal lives, future workplaces, social interactions, and political endeavors. Brown and Yule in Richards 2008:21 make a useful
distinction between the interactional functions of speaking, in which it serves to establish andmaintain social relations, and the
transactional functions, which focus on theexchange of information.
Bailey and Savage in Celce-Murcia 2001:103 suggest speaking in a second and foreign language has often been viewed
as the most demanding of the four skills. In order to communicate successfully, one needs to consider the relationship between the
speaker and hearer. It can be said that to speak in another language one needs to understand linguistic competence.
b. The Aspects of Speaking Skill
Speaking is also one of the language arts that is most frequently used by people all over the world. The art of speaking is
very complex. It requires the simultaneous use of the number of abilities, which often develop at different rates. These are the
aspects of speaking skill that the learners have to master. 1 Fluency
Brown 2001: 169 states thatfluency is achieved by allowing the “stream” of speech to “flow”. The speaker has
to speak in an acceptable speed with details of phonology and grammar.
2 Accuracy Brown 2001:268 states that accuracy is the ability to
produce sentences using grammar and vocabulary. This competence is achieved by allowing the students to focus
on the elements of phonology, grammar, and discourse in their spoken language. Accuracy is needed to speak fluently
so it strengthens each other. 3 Vocabulary
One cannot communicative effectively or express their ideas both in the oral and written forms if they do not have
sufficient vocabulary. Without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed. Nunan 2005:121 states that vocabulary is the
collection of words that an individual knows. Sufficient vocabulary of common words can provide many
advantages because it includes all common expressions, prepositions, linking words and common sequences.
4 Pronunciation Pronunciation is the way speakers produce clear language
when they speak.It includes the articulation of individual sounds, stress and intonation. Brown 2001: 271 states that
the important characteristic of English pronunciation is the stress-timed rhythm of spoken English and its intonation
patterns. It means that the speaker has to give a clear message to the listener by producing clear language.
Speaking is one of the important skills that needs to be taught well. In teaching speaking there must be problems during
the process that affect students’ achievement. In this research, the researcher provides a solution to overcome the problems so that the
students can improve their speaking skill. The solution provided is using video clips as stated by Harmer 2001: 282 that video shows
the use of expressions, gestures, and other visual clues when people are talking.
4. Definition of Video
