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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter consists of theoretical description which presents the definition and discussion of some theories which are related to curriculum and teaching material,
reading, public tolerance, multimedia, and the characteristics of young learners.
2.1 Curriculum
Curriculum is important part in our education system. It is the main guideline to teach the students.
2.1.1 General Concept of Curriculum
Curriculum is a plan for what is to be taught in schools. It is developed to facilitate the teaching-learning process under the direction and guidance of a
school, college or university and its staff members. In addition, Suzan Feez and Helen Joyce 1998:9 stated that curriculum is a general statement of goals and
outcomes, learning are arrangements, evaluations, and documentation relating to the management of programs within an education institution.
Curriculum is the sets of equipment of plans and rules about objectives, materials, and methods which are used as guideline of learning process
implementation to achieve particular education goals National Education Department, 2000. Hornby 1997:287 also stated that curriculum is the subject
included in a course of study or taught at a particular school.
Based on the definition stated above, it can be concluded that curriculum is the subject included in a course of study or taught at a particular school and
how teaching learning process in school can be planned, measured, and evaluated. For the time being, education in Indonesia uses School Based Curriculum
KTSP. It is developed and designed from previous curricula.
2.1.2 Definition of the School Based Competence KTSP
Curriculum is always developing. The needs to adjust to the development of education of other countries and the discoveries of new theories and knowledge
help to explain this condition. KTSP is the revised version of the previous curricula including 2004 and 1994. The school based Curriculum KTSP is the
operational curriculum is designed and done in educational institutions or groups National Education Department, 2000:12.
Curriculum must answer the national education‘s objectives of the
appropriateness with the condition and regional potencies, education and students themselves. Thus, curriculum is designed to give the chance of the
accommodation of education programs with the regional need and potency. By relying on this, every school may have different curriculum depending on the
need and condition of the school itself. Yet, the government will only give a general standard of the curriculum which serves as a model for the school.
KTSP based on Standar Nasional Pendidikan SNP is effective to be done in the formal education and non-formal education of the elementary schools,
junior high schools, and senior high schools, and designed by educational institutions or groups referred to Standar Isi Content Standard and Standar
Kompetensi Lulusan SKL also guide by Badan standar nasional Pendidikan BSNP guideline.
There are several differences between KTSP and previous curricula. These differences are shown in table 2.1.
Table 2.1 the difference of KTSP and previous curricula
School Based Curriculum Previous Curricula
Created by school Created by government
Based on competence Based on content
Students are more active Teachers are more active
Based on national standard There is no national standard
2.1.3 The Goals of the School Based Curriculum KTSP
