location of speech events, and deal with the distance either proximal or distal of speaker’s location.
2.4.3 Time deixis
According to Levinson, 1983:217 time deixis refers to the time which relative to the time of speaking or an utterance spoken. In English for example the
use of “now Vs then”, “yesterday”, “today” and “tomorrow”. Here, the word morning, afternoon and night cannot be categorized as time lexeme. It is caused
by the planet position in the earth toward with the position of sun. Time lexeme can be deixis if the speaker is a standard of utterance
Bambang Kaswanti, 1984:71. Bambang also states that the words “yesterday”, “tomorrow” and “today” are measuring calenderically. In contrast, to know distal
expression ‘then’ can be used both past and future, for example: a Last Saturday nights? I was at home with a friend then.
b After 7 p.m. on Saturday? OK, I’ll meet you there then. To interpret this expression, the time of the utterance should be known. If
it does not happen such in the example above, the speaker or even hearer will not know if it is a short or a long utterance a head. Example:
a I will be back in an hour b Free beer tomorrow
Verb tense indicates a type of temporal deixis in English, example: a I live in Santa Maria present
b I lived in Cruz Alta in the past
Present tense considered the proximal form and past tense is distal form. Something that place in the past or that extremely unlike from the speaker’s
current situation is marked with the distal. From the definition above, time deixis is adverbial of time that its reference always changes or moves where it refers to
the time of speaking.
2.4.4 Discourse Deixis
A word can be said as discourse deixis if that word refers to certain part of that text. According to Levinson 1983:85 discourse deixis use of expression with
some utterance to refer to some portion of the discourse that contains the utterance including the use of the utterance itself. It is where reference is being made to
the current discourse. Example:
a That’s my bag b Give it to me
It refers no to the referent, the beast itself, but to the word bag. Here, it is not doing duty for a use of bag but rather for a mention of it. It is an example of token
reflexivity discourse deixis, in which a word in utterance refers to the utterance itself.
2.4.5 Social Deixis
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