amwal and shadaqutihinna which shifting into wali, harta and mas kawin is singular.
In structural aspect, a translator also shifted sentence pattern source language to target language in example 2 and Preposition phrase min duni
shifted to verbal phrase dengan meninggalkan. How the above done to restructure the source language into the target language in accordance with the norms
prevailing recipient readers understand easily. Conversely, if we do not use that way, it appears an odd translation so it is
not known by the reader or recipient language. All this is done to translate the meaning of the source texts as accurately as possible, and to produce translations
that have a high level of understanding.
D. Processing data and Analysis
Once data are obtained they need to be organized and processed in some fashion before an analysis can be undertaken. “Processing data for analysis is a
good way to become familiar with what you have. It is always good for analyst to take part in collection, transcription, coding and identification of the bilingual
phenomena to be studied”.
16
It is helpful to have an easy and systematic way to access this information. An analysis brings in the theoretical framework and
concepts that have guided the project to accounts for the findings. This is the point at which the uniqueness of one’s data can be highlighted.
16
Li Wei and Melissa G Moyer, Research Methodology in Bilingualism and Multilingualism, Australia; Blackwell Publishing, 2008, p.30.
For the discourse analyst, the purpose of the research is not to get behind the discourse, to find out what people really when they say this or that, or to
discover the reality behind the discourse. On the contrary, the analyst has to work with what has actually been said or written, exploring patterns in and across the
statements and identifying the social consequences of different discursive of representation of reality. “The difficulty is that is precisely the common sense
understandings that are to be investigated. Analysis focuses on how some statements are accepted as true or naturalized and others are not”.
17
E. Translation Difficulty
“The persecution avidly translating and retranslating Classical Greek and Romans author is in important link in the chain of the development capitalism and
the decline of feudalism”.
18
Attempts to located stages of cultural development within strict temporal boundaries contradict that dynamism. Bible translation
remained a key issue the seventeenth century and problems intensified with the growth of the concepts of national cultures and the coming of the Reformation. In
the sixteenth century the history of bible translation acquired new dimensions with the advent of printing.
The Renaissance Bible Translators perceived both fluidity and intelligibility in the TL text as important criteria, but were equally concerned with
the transmission of a literally accurate message. Yet because Bible translation was
17
Ibid, p.30.
18
Bassnett Susan, Translation Studies, New York; Routledge, published, 1991, p. 39.
an integral part of the upward shift in the status of vernacular, the question of style was also vital. Luther advised the will be translator to use a vernacular proverb or
expression if it fitted in with the New Testament, in other words to add the wealth of imagery in the SL text by drawing on the vernacular tradition too.
I shall discuss the operation of this process model by referring to the situation in the Arab World. The academic language background in the Arab
World reveals a not untypical sociolinguistics setting in which the main regional languages. Arabic coexists with one or two imported and excolonial international
Languages. “Arabic itself has several varieties, from pure colloquial subregional
from to the traditional literary and religious language of classical Arabic ”.
19
One researcher might, for instance, have decided to write his or her research in Arabic
but has recently recognized that additionally an abstract in English needs to be provided. The conventional view of translation supposes an active original and
passive translation, creation followed by a passive act of transmission. But what if writing and translation are understood as interdependent, each bound to the other
in the recognition that representation is always an active process, that the original is also at a distance from its originating intention, that there is never a total
presence of the speaking subject in discourse. The poverty of our conventional understanding of fidelity lies in its
reliance on numerous sets of rigid binary oppositions which reciprocally validate one another. “Translation is considered to be an act of reproduction, through
19
John M Swales, English in Academic and research Setting. London; Cambridge University Press, 2007. p.104.
