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time order. Mostly, an exposition text employs one pattern although it is possible to contain more than one. The pattern used will depend on the topic
and the author’s preferred focus.
d. The Importance of Analytical Exposition Texts
The advantage of analytical exposition texts is what makes this type of text worth reading. Smith 2003 calls analytical exposition texts information
literacy because of its nature which is to convey information. In addition, analytical exposition texts also provide learners with the opportunity to
synthesize materials. Learners learn how to search relationships among pieces of information Moss, Leone, Dipillo, 1997. The use of multiple texts will
also facilitate learners to broader perspectives and ideas.
3. Venn Diagram Strategy
This part discusses the nature of Venn diagrams, how Venn diagram strategy is used as a strategy in reading comprehension, the steps, and the
advantages of using Venn diagram strategy.
a. The Nature of Venn Diagrams
Venn diagrams were firstly introduced by John Venn in 1880. Venn diagrams are strongly associated to mathematical concepts since they were
indeed designed to teach mathematics. In the simplest way, Venn diagrams consist of two overlapping circles. However, Venn diagrams might consist of
more than two circles. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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b. Venn Diagram as a Strategy in Reading Comprehension
Venn diagrams have been used for a long time. It was known to teach mathematics only, but now their application can be used to teach language as
well. Jones 2012 believes that the concept of Venn diagrams are from the field of math, but now its application to all subjects is pretty well-established.
Furthermore, Jones defines Venn diagrams as visual representations of the similarities and differences between concepts.
Due to the nature of Venn diagrams, which is to compare similarities and differences between concepts, language teachers can use them to teach
reading. The use of Venn diagrams might be useful to help teachers apply comprehension strategies proposed by Harvey and Goudvis 2000, such as
making connections and synthesizing. These two strategies are done by activating students’ prior knowledge and attempting to relate it to the new
ones. On the other hand, Venn diagrams are also believed to be beneficial since they help students organize their thinking and sort through information
after reading process Ansberry Morgan, 2007.
c. Steps of Venn Diagram Strategy in Reading Comprehension
In using the Venn diagram strategy, students’ cognitive skills are
utilized. To be able to use Venn diagrams and achieve the learning goals in reading comprehension activity, teachers and students must be careful and
aware of putting ideas into the circles. Some procedures are required so that the Venn diagrams can be used optimally. Students must also be given
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organized information to avoid any confusion and misunderstanding. Here are the steps of applying the Venn diagram strategy Joyce, 2008.
First, the teacher activates the students ’ background knowledge by
giving stimulus. After students mention what they have known, students draw two overlapping circles and label each circle. The first circle is labeled as
‘Before’ and filled in with what students have known about the topic. Then the teacher gives students the text. While reading, students are to find important or
new information from the text. Subsequently, students fill in the second circle, which is labeled
as ‘After’, with important points from the text. Then, the students identify the similarities between two circles. Students write the
similarities in the intersection part which is labeled as ‘Similarities’. To make it clear, Figure 2.1 is the visualization of the Venn diagram in teaching
reading.
d. Advantages of Venn Diagram Strategy
According to Junaid 2012, there are several advantages of using the Venn diagram strategy in a teaching and learning process. First, this is claimed
Figure 2.1 Venn Diagram Strategy in Reading Comprehension adapted from Joyce 2008
