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organized information to avoid any confusion and misunderstanding. Here are the steps of applying the Venn diagram strategy Joyce, 2008.
First, the teacher activates the students ’ background knowledge by
giving stimulus. After students mention what they have known, students draw two overlapping circles and label each circle. The first circle is labeled as
‘Before’ and filled in with what students have known about the topic. Then the teacher gives students the text. While reading, students are to find important or
new information from the text. Subsequently, students fill in the second circle, which is labeled
as ‘After’, with important points from the text. Then, the students identify the similarities between two circles. Students write the
similarities in the intersection part which is labeled as ‘Similarities’. To make it clear, Figure 2.1 is the visualization of the Venn diagram in teaching
reading.
d. Advantages of Venn Diagram Strategy
According to Junaid 2012, there are several advantages of using the Venn diagram strategy in a teaching and learning process. First, this is claimed
Figure 2.1 Venn Diagram Strategy in Reading Comprehension adapted from Joyce 2008
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to be the most enjoyable strategy to organize thoughts because the students can see the whole subjectarea. Besides, Venn diagrams are also enjoyable to
look at, read, muse over, remember and write. Consequently, this method will improve memory, concentration, creativity and ability in writing. In regard to
writing, students are also taught to be extremely efficient since they have been provided with limited spaces to write. However, it does not mean that their
thought is limited. They can still pour their ideas into writing in a more efficient way.
Besides its interesting appearance, the Venn diagram strategy is also beneficial in terms of students’ understanding. Since this method facilitates
students to compare and contrast, this method will then improve the understanding of the relationship among facts. The Venn diagram method also
helps the students absorb and process information more quickly and easily.
4. Classroom Action Research CAR
This section covers the theories of classroom action research which are relevant to the study. The theories are the nature of classroom action research,
the characteristics, and also the model.
a. The Nature of CAR
CAR is one of the most used methodologies in the educational field. CAR
is teachers’ action on implementing and evaluating their teachings in order to improve their own teachings or their colleagues’ teachings Hopkins,
