27
participants. The researchers told them that they would know the level of their self-efficacy and realize the importance of self-efficacy in speaking English after
filling the questionnaire and being interviewed. Moreover, they would realize what they did for the whole first semester to improve their speaking in order to
achieve certain accomplishment. The researcher provided the relevant information related to self-efficacy in Speaking I class. The result was all students in the class
wanted to fill the questionnaire, but there were only three students who wanted to be interviewed.
D. Research Instruments
There were two types of instruments used in this research, namely questionnaire and interview. Questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data
that answered both research problems. Then, interview was conducted to obtain qualitative data that explored the results of both research problems in depth.
1. Questionnaire
Questionnaire was the first instrument used by the researcher. Questionnaire is a research instrument which is in printed form that consists of
several questions or statements to be responded by the participants in order to gather information Seliger Shohamy, 1989. The benefit of using questionnaire
is being able to collect the data from a large number of respondents in quite quick and economical way.
The researcher used close-ended questionnaire in this research. According to Wallace 1998, close-ended questionnaire gives benefits to the researcher
28
because it can be processed easily and quickly and it makes the scoring of the response more reliable. The close-ended questionnaire was designed with four
range options from strongly disagree to strongly agree to ease the participants to choose their answer. The researcher asked the participants to respond to the
statements in the questionnaire that use an agreement scale by choosing a number that best presented their response Lodico, et al., 2006. In this research, the
degree of agreement consisted of “strongly agree”, “agree”, “strongly disagree”, and “disagree”.
The questionnaire was given to twenty two students of ELESP in Speaking I class B of Sanata Dharma University in academic year 20152016. The
questionnaire was distributed to analyze language learning strategies they applied to achieve certain goals, the effort they put when they face obstacles, the beliefs in
their ability to achieve goals, and the use of language learning strategies as reflected in their speaking performance. The analyses of those things were used to
get better understanding of their self-efficacy. The researcher developed the questionnaire based on personal experiences
as the first semester student and experiences of doing micro teaching in Speaking I class which were supported by theories of some experts. For the detail, the
blueprint of the questionnaire can be seen in Appendix 2.
2. Interview
The second instrument used in the research was interview. The researcher conducted an interview after distributing the questionnaire. The researcher
employed interview to deepen the findings of quantitative research which was PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
29
obtained in the first phase. The interview result was also use d to clarify students’
answers in the questionnaire. According to Ary, et al. 2002, interview is a research instrument which is done to get data on individuals’ opinions, beliefs and
feelings about the situations in their own words. It means that interview is done through a conversation between the researcher and the participants in order to
explore participants’ opinion, feeling, experience, and evaluation in more depth. The benefit of interview is allowing the researcher to obtain much and detailed
information Mason as cited in Hancock, 2006. The researcher interviewed three students of Speaking I class B. One of
them was the representative who disagreed that her speaking ability got improved after applying language learning strategies while the other two were the
representatives who agreed that their speaking ability got better after applying language learning strategies. The researcher chose them to know the use of those
strategies, the factors influencing the use of those strategies, and then to analyze the relation between the use of those strategies and the
students’ self-efficacy. For the detail, the blueprint of the interview can be seen in Appendix 5.
E. Data Gathering Technique
The technique used in gathering the research data were distributing questionnaire and conducting interview with the students of Speaking I class B.
The statements in the questionnaire and the interview were done in Bahasa Indonesia in order to avoid misunderstanding and make the students feel more
comfortable and free to answer. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
