Future Researchers Research Benefits
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speaking ability. The last part is factors influencing the use of language learning
strategies. a.
The Nature of Speaking
Speaking skill is a productive skill of language in which the learners use their knowledge to produce an utterance that expresses their ideas, thoughts and
feelings. Spoken language has similarity with written language because both of them produce unit of ideas as the product of the learners’ knowledge Luoma,
2004. In order to distinguish the difference between spoken and written language, Brown Yule as cited in Nunan 1989 state that the characteristic of written
language is its well-formed sentences which are combined into high-structured paragraphs. On the other hand, the characteristic of spoken language is its short
and incomplete utterances. Speaking is a skill that generally has to be learnt and practiced.
Luoma’s theory also reveals that spoken and written language are different 2004. The form of spoken language is less structured than the form of
written language. Furthermore, speaking is a skill that requires the learners to be able to use
the language Bygate, 1987. He says that in order to be able to speak a foreign language, it is necessary to know a certain amount of grammar and vocabulary
even though the grammar of spoken language is simpler than written language. In fact, there are two ways in which speaking can be seen as a skill, namely oral skill
and interaction skill. Oral skill is learners’ ability to use the language Bygate, 1987. It involves
their ability to manage their knowledge and produce oral expressions such as PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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using the right sounds in the right patterns or rhythm and intonation, choosing the most appropriate words and grammar, and putting the words in the correct order
to produce the right meanings in order to be good at speaking and avoid misunderstanding because of the meaning.
Interaction skill is learners’ ability to use the language for certain needs Bygate, 1987. It involves making decisions about communication, such as what,
where, when, to whom they speak and whether they must prepare it first or not. The learners should know what to say, how to say it, whether it is useful to
continue the point of speaking, what their intentions are, and what sorts of relations they intend to establish with their speaking partner or someone who is
involved in the conversation. Therefore, interaction skill is not only about delivering knowledge to be able to communicate, but also about understanding the
context and situation where the learners speak.