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facing obstacles. However, individuals who have low confidence easily give up and lose their spirit to keep trying when facing obstacles because they have doubt
about their capabilities to perform something. Moreover, the strength of individuals’ belief in their capabilities will determine the degree of relationship
between self-efficacy and performance. 3
Generality Generality is the idea in which individuals’ self-efficacy is not limited to a
certain situation. It refers to various situations to which the self-efficacy beliefs can apply. Individuals may belief that he or she is able to produce the intended
result only in certain area or in various activities and situations. In short, individuals’ performance may be different because it depends on
their beliefs in their ability when they are given certain tasks which vary in level of difficulty.
B. Theoretical Framework
In this research, there are two formulated problems. The first research problem is the language learning strategies were applied by the students to
improve their speaking ability in Speaking I class. To answer the first formulated problem, the researcher used Oxford’s theory about language learning strategies
related to speaking. Oxford 1990 states that language learning strategies are divided into direct strategies and indirect strategies. Memory strategies, cognitive
strategies, and compensation strategies belong to direct strategies while PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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metacognitive strategies, affective strategies, and social strategies belong to indirect strategies.
The second research problem is the use of those strategies in relation to the students’ self-efficacy. To answer the second research problem, the researcher
used Oxford’s theory and Bandura’s theory. The researcher used Oxford’s theory to discover the use of language learning strategies. According to Oxford 1990,
motivation and personality trait or anxiety are some factors that influence the use of language learning strategies which determine their performance which may be
different one to another. The researcher used Bandura’s theory to discover the relation between the
use of those strategies and the students’ self-efficacy. According to Bandura
1986, from the analysis the use of language learning strategies and factors influencing it, individuals can get better understanding of targets and goals they
set, strategies they used, effort they put when they encounter obstacles, their believe in their ability to achieve their goals, and their performance. The
undersanding of those aspects can be used to determine whether they are high self-efficacy individuals or low self-efficacy individuals.
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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the researcher explains each part of the research
methodology used to answer the research questions. This chapter describes research method, research setting, research participants, research instrument, data
gathering technique, data analysis technique and research procedure.
A. Research Method
The study was conducted by employing mixed method. Mixed method is a research method that combines quantitative and qualitative research in which the
results of each approach give better understanding of certain phenomenon Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen Razavieh, 2010. It is supported by Creswell 2003 who
states that mixed method involves both collecting and analyzing quantitative and qualitative data in a single study to provide a better understanding of a research
problem. There were three reasons why mixed method was chosen by the researcher. All of the reasons were based on the explanation of mixed method by
Ary, et al. 2010. The first reason was because it was not enough to conduct this research by
using one methodology. The quantitative data that was obtained by distributing questionnaire did not provide all the information needed. The researcher’s
understanding of a problem or situation might be less complete if the researcher only uses a single method Ary, et al., 2010. By using mixed method, the
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researcher can get stronger evidence for the conclusion of findings and get more complete understanding of a certain phenomenon. It happens because the
researcher interviews the participants to obtain qualitative data which gives more information Ary, et al., 2010.
The second reason was because mixed method helped the researcher to clarify findings. According to Ary, et al. 2010, mixed method can be used by the
researcher to find clarification of findings from one method by using results from another method. It is needed to clarify the findings from different methods
because the participants might give different explanation from what they choose in the questionnaire.
The third reason was because the researcher used quantitative data obtained by distributing questionnaire to select the interviewees and analyze the
data qualitatively. When employing mixed method, the researcher uses the results from one approach to develop results or inform another approach Ary, et al.,
2010. Informing another approach means that quantitative results obtained in the first phase are used to select participants to be interviewed in the second
qualitative phase. The type of mixed method design used by the researcher was sequential
design. Sequential design is a design in which the analysis of data obtained and examined in the first phase of research will influence choices made in the next
phase Ary, et al., 2010. The reason why the researcher used sequential design was because data collection and analysis in this research occurred in two phases at
different time. According to Ary, et al. 2010, in sequential design, different PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
