44 4.
Catalytic validity means how the participants respond to their own internal changes during the research. I deepened the understanding towards factors
which could possibly impede and facilitate the teaching and learning process. In this research, the factor that impeded the teaching and learning
process was the students’ anxiety during the lesson. They were afraid of
asking the teacher’s help when they met difficulties. Therefore, I tried to show good respect to them and support them using positive language to
create non-threatening atmosphere. 5.
Dialogic validity is a peer review process. This validity was acquired through discussing the research report with the collaborator and some
students from English Department. They gave their critics and suggestions towards the research report. The discussion was held in January 20, 2014.
E. Research Data Analysis
The data were analyzed from field notes and interview transcripts. They were analyzed in the following steps of research.
1. Reconnaissance
The first step in conducting this research was determining the concern. I conducted discussion with the English teacher and the principal on September 13
and 18, 2012 and observed the teaching and learning process in class VIII C on September 17, 2012 to find out the real situation in the school. Then I discussed
the existing problems with the English teacher.
45 Based on the classroom observation and the discussion, we classified the
problems. The problem in this study was that the students’ writing ability is low. However, this cannot be separated from other existing problems. They are:
Problems related to the teaching technique the teacher used. Problems related to the use of materials and media.
2. Planning
In improving students’ writing ability, the English teacher, the principal and I made some plans. The plans were as follow.
a. Implementing the knowledge of thematic progression in teaching writing.
b. Using media like: pictures, projector, worksheets, and real objects.
c. Showing good respect to students.
3. Action and observation
The action plans which were agreed by the research member were implemented. They were implemented in two cycles. Each cycle was done in
three meetings. The meetings were conducted every Monday and Wednesday. On Monday, it was done at 07.45
– 09.05 a.m. On Wednesday, it was done at 07.15 – 08.35 a.m. While I was implementing the actions, the English teacher and the
collaborator observed the teaching and learning processes. We also conducted an interview to the students at the end of the lesson. Based on the observations, the
interviews and the field notes, we discussed the implemented actions and analyzed the result. The result was used as an evaluation that would be used to improve the
next action.
46 4.
Reflection Reflection was done at the end of every cycle. This was to review the
actions implemented. It evaluated the process, problems and effects of the actions. It also measured whether or not an action was successful. In reflection, each
participant in the research contributed their ideas, opinion and suggestion. After that, the team designed a plan for the next action and changed the unsuccessful
action with more suitable one.
47
CHAPTER IV THE RESEARCH PROCESS, FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION
