19 text structure and the language features of the text. In the discussion, the teacher
explains about the text features. In brief, this stage gives the students input on the purpose, the organization and the grammar of the text.
c. Joint Construction of the Text
Self-confidence is an important aspect in developing language skills. Therefore, in this stage, students’ confidence is build. For this purpose, the teacher
gives opportunity to students to cooperate in pairs or in groups, so that they can work together with their friends.
In this stage, students do exercises on genre they are learning. Before the students are to write independently, the students and the teacher work together to
construct a complete text. Students carry out an exercise to write a text with the assist of the teacher.
The thing that the teacher might do in this stage is grouping the students. According to Brewster et al. 2004: 224 there are two options for forming groups.
The first one depends on the teacher’s decision. Groups can be formed on the basis of proficiency high-achievers and low-achievers in different groups or just
simply ask the students to make a group with their friends who sit nearby. The second option is for the students to choose their groups. Here, the teacher tries to
provide an opportunity for students to choose that they are comfortable working with.
After the students are grouped, the teacher gives the students a topic to write. Then they brainstorm ideas through any sources. The sources can be from
discussion within the group, information sharing, survey, or their own experience.
20 Before the students note what they have in mind, the teacher asks them to outline
their ideas in their books. If students have difficulty in generating ideas, the teacher can help guiding them in developing an outline or the students can help
each other within the group. The teacher also reinforces the use of generic structures and grammatical features so that the students can develop their outline
into a good paragraph. In other words, the students can learn how to write from the teacher as a more competent person. More importantly, the teacher encourages
the students to write with the teacher’s help so that they are well prepared for the next stage.
d. Independent Construction of the Text
