Lexical Features Linguistic Features in Advertisement

17 has special automatic chronograph. Besides, audiences’ perception is the product is better from other products because the advertisement uses long phrase that is not used in other product advertisements. 3 Ambiguity A phrase or a sentence which has more than one cognitive meaning is called an ambiguous phrase or sentence. According to Leech 1972, there is contradiction between lexical ambiguity and grammatical ambiguity. Lexical ambiguity consists of lexical homonymy and lexical polysemy, while grammatical ambiguity consists of grammatical homonymy and grammatical polysemy. While according to Grey 2008, ambiguity maybe syntactic or semantic puns for example. The use of ambiguity is to make a phrase memorable. The example of ambiguity is the Electrolux slogan, “Nothing sucks like an Electrolux” The word sucks sounds negative but it is positive in this slogan because sucks is the primary function of vacuum cleaner. The use word sucks is to grab audiences’ attention. 4 Use of Imperative Many advertisers use an imperative to make the audience act or do something, like buy or use the advertised product. The use of imperative is to order something. For example, the imperative which is used in LA cigarettes slogan, talk less, do more. That imperative suggests the audience to buy the product. 5 Simple and Colloquial Language Grey 2008 defines that colloquial expressions do not bear the meaning normally have. Simple and colloquial is only used in informal sentence. For 18 example, It ain’t half good. That sentence uses simple and colloquial language because the word ain’t is informal word. 6 Present Tense Grey 2008 says that a present tense implies a universal timelessness. The use of present tense in advertisement is to make the advertisement looks real whenever the audience sees or hears. Example of present tense is the slogan of Rossini, Time always follows me. From that slogan whenever the audience sees or hear, they will feel like in the real time. 7 Syntactic Parallelism The use of syntactic parallelism is to interest audience. Leech 1972 says that parallelism is a repetition of formal patterns of two or more similar ideas in similar structural forms. Example, stay dry, stay happy. From the example people can see the repetition in similar pattern of word stay. The word stay makes the phrase more interesting. 8 Association Sometimes, an advertisement uses words like and as. It is because the advertisement should associate a positive side toward the product and other. Example, fresh as a mountain stream. That example shows that freshness is associated with a mountain stream although they are two different things. 9 Ellipsis Goddard 2002, p. 123 describes ellipsis as “the omission of part of a structure.” While according to Cook 1996, one of ellipsis purpose is to create the sense of informality. An ellipsis is the omission of words which still can be PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 19 understood to make advertisement more interesting and simple, Grey, 2008. The example is the utterance Nespresso, what else? Actually, the grammatical rules should be “You’ll take Nespresso. Then, what else would you like to drink?” If the slogan uses grammatical rules it will become long sentence and it looks too formal so the advertiser uses ellipsis to make the slogan interesting and simple. 10 Incomplete Sentence Sometimes, the audience does not pay attention carefully to the sentence of the advertisement. Grey 2008 says that an incomplete sentence is one kind of the linguistic features of advertisements. The use of incomplete sentence is to make audience grasp the main point of the advertisement. An example of incomplete sentence is in L’Oréal slogan, “Because you’re worth it”. The slogan is more interesting in an advertisement instead of the use of complete sentence “We want you to use L’Oréal products as your make up products because you are worth it.”

2. Advertising

This part is going to explain about advertising and advertisement. There are several things which related to advertising and advertisement. They are the definition of advertisement and the functions of advertisement.

a. The Definition of Advertisement

“Advertising is the non personal communication of information usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, services, or ideas by identified sponsors through the various media.” Bovée and Arens 1986, p. 5. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 20 That is why advertisement and advertising cannot be separated. Advertisement should be made as the public communication by involving companies as a message sender in order to persuade the consumers as a message receiver. While according to Leon Quera 1973, “Advertising customarily considered as an effort to present a persuasive message about a product by an individual company.” It can be said that advertisement is form of communication used to persuade or attract the audience. This part is going to explain about advertising and advertisement. There are several things which related with advertising and advertisement. They are the definition of advertisement, the functions of advertisement and types of advertisement.

b. The Functions of Advertisement

Bovée and Arens 1986, p. 9 divide the function of the advertising into five functions. The first function is marketing function, this function is to increase the sales or profit, to make money, sell products and also companies develop marketing strategies. Second function is communication function, this function had beginnings in ancient civilization. Communication of information is one of the basic functions of the advertising. The third function is education function, people learn from advertising. People learn about the product, selling, and marketing. Moreover, advertising must be educational to be successful. Fourth, economic function, advertising promotes sales and commerce is to make people aware of the products, services, and ideas. The last function is social function, advertising is one of the major things to raise the standard of living in the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI