to thank for the protection and guidance that given by his guardian angel. He wants to cooperate with his guardian angel to lead him in choosing the best path
to Paradise.
4.2.4 Paulo’s Avoidance Motivation
In Franken Human Motivation 3-4, Avoidant motive, people do thing to avoid something. Avoidant causes tend to be very compelling; that is, not only
they aversive or noxious but they are also difficult—or impossible—to ignore Higgin, 1997.
During his spiritual journey in the desert, Paulo cooperates with some masters, and his wife. One day, he performs a kind of ritual in the abandoned gold
mine. There are Paulo, Chris and Valhalla inside it. Valhalla tries to opens Paulo’s past life. He has a terrible experience in his past life. At that time, he is reminded
his horrible moments. The ritual gives the slides of the shadows presenting some moments in his past life. It brings Paulo back to the 14 years earlier.
Paulo was a hippie with his friend named Argelia. He had practiced magic for about six years. One day, when he stayed in his apartment, there was
something horrible occurred. He felt so dizzy and the darkness grew covered the room. Something was pulling him into a black hole that appeared to have formed
in the middle of the room. He began to hear noises: laughing, voices, and things breaking. During his time learning magic, he had performed all of the rituals.
At that time, Argelia came to his apartment. She was afraid because that horrible moment also came to her. Paulo has taught her some rituals and magic.
Now, she was there, begging for help, trusting in him, but he had no idea to help
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her. They were hippies who did not believe in God. Then, after something horrible happened to them, they tried to pray to God. They beg for forgiveness. They
offered God anything, absolutely anything, in return to the salvation of their souls. They offered God their lives, or everything they own to get the forgiveness.
At times, he regretted the trade–it would have been better to have died than to have to live that way. But now it was too late to go back.
“There was a pact,” Valhalla said. “What was it?” “I promised I would abandon my dreams.” 111
They made a kind of pact, moreover trade. There had been a trade and the punishment was severe. After that moment, they were imprisoned by the Brazilian
political police and accused of subversion based on the Alternative Society. Other members of the group had not made the trade. They survived in the “Black Hole”
and regarded him as a coward. He lost his friends, his security, and his desire to go on living.
For seven years, he paid the price for the trade. However, God was generous, and allowed him to rebuild his life. The director of the recording studio
gave him a job and became his only friend. He went back to composing, but every time his work brought some success, something wound up happening, and
everything went down the drain. The darkness was changing. Various scenes from his life began to pass
before him. Light and shadow, light and shadow, and–suddenly, he was once again in darkness.
“I dont want to remember that…” he pleaded with the Valkyrie. “Remember Whatever it is, try to remember every minute of it.
The darkness brought terror to him, the terror he had experienced fourteen years earlier. 99
“I promised that I would never grow again. I thought that I could no longer trust myself.”
The Valkyrie held his head to her bare breasts.
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“Tell me about the dread,” she said. “The dread that I saw when we met at the luncheonette.”
“The terror…” He didnt know how to begin, because he felt he would sound absurd. “The terror doesnt allow me to sleep at night, or rest during
the day.” 112 Academic psychologists first conceived of motives as effort to avoid
discomfort and to reduce strong stimulation, whether caused by hunger, thirst, pain, electric shock, conflict, or frustration.McClelland: 373.
According to Murray’s Need, harm avoidance is: “To avoid pain, physical injury, illness, and death. To escape from dangerous situation, to take
precautionary measures.” Paulo had made the trade. Several years later, he met Chris and married
her. Chris is a religious woman. She knew that Paulo is a magus. They never spoke about magic during the first year of their marriage. Since Paulo is a magus,
he does not behave like the other people do. Related to his horrible experience in the past life, he is afraid to the terror of the trade. It affects his occupation in his
life. But during that first year, he had said not one word about magic. He was
working at a recording studio, and that seemed to be all he was concerned about.
The following year, life was the same. He quit his job and went to work at another studio. During their third year together, he quit his job again a
mania for leaving everything behind and decided to write scripts for TV. She found it strange, the way he changed jobs every year–but he was
writing, earning money, and they were living well. Then, at the end of their third year together, he decided–once again–to quit
his job. He gave no explanation, saying only that he was fed up with what he was doing, that it didnt make sense to keep quitting his jobs, changing
one for another. He needed to discover what it was that he wanted. They had put some money aside, and had decided to do some traveling.
But Paulo was much happier, and he no longer thought about quitting his job. Together they had founded a small publishing house, and he was doing
something hed dreamed of for a long time: writing books. 12
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Chris does not understand why Paulo likes to leave everything behind. It makes their marriage begins to fall apart. He brings his wife to join in his spiritual
journey. He hopes that it can make them be closer and it can save their marriage. “The only reason Im able to understand what youre saying is because I
know your love,” she said. “Weve been together for a long time. But after the first two years of joy and passion, every day began to be a challenge for
me. Its been very difficult to keep the flames of our love alive.” 177
Weiner 376 states that if the goal of anxiety motive is some kind of escape, measurement in this area is deficient, because it concentrates on the
anxiety responses rather than on what relieves them. A motive is better defined in terms of its objective, or the incentive that it seeks or that would satisfy it. There
are some evidences that what more anxious people seek is some kind of security, or the reassurance that comes from being told what to do or knowing what to do.
“And so, the task,” J. said after a long silence. “Its needed to break that curse.”
“One way or another,” Paulo said slowly, “I have wound up destroying what Ive loved. Ive seen my dreams fall apart just when I seemed about to
achieve them. I always thought that was just the way life was. My life and everyone elses.”
“The curse can be broken,” J. repeated, “if you complete the task.” 8
Paulo believes that J. can give him the solutions. He asks him to seek his guardian angel.
“I want to see my angel.” He was quite close to the woman, and he was staring at her.
“What for?” The Valkyrie appeared to be intimidated. The trick was working.
“Because Im desperately in need of help. I have won important things for myself, but I am going to destroy them, because I tell myself that they have
lost their meaning. I know its not true. I know they are still important, and that if I destroy them, Ill be destroying myself, as well.”83
“Angels,” she said. “Angels are visible to those who accept the light. And
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break the pact with the darkness.” “I have no pact with the darkness,” Paulo responded. “I had one. But no
longer.” “Im not talking about a pact with Lucifer, or with Satan, or with…” She
began to speak the names of various demons, and her face looked strange. 96
During their journey to seek Paulo’s guardian angel, Paulo has to break the pact, accept forgiveness and make a bet. He does everything well. His avoidance
motivation is related to the curse of his past experiences that can affect his marriage, his dream and his occupation. Paulo believes that his guardian angel is
the key that can help him to break the curse. Now, he hopes that his guardian angel can help him to solve all of his problems, to escape from the dangerous
situation in his life.
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56
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
This chapter includes two parts, namely conclusions and suggestions. The conclusions explain the findings of the study. The suggestions contain two
sections. The first section is the suggestion for future researchers of the literary work. The second is the suggestion to the use of literary works, especially Paulo
Coelho’s The Valkyries, in English teaching learning process.
5.1 Conclusions
After analyzing the novel, the researcher comes to the conclusions or the answers the problems formulated in this thesis. The first is the description on
Paulo’s character in Paulo Coelho’s The Valkyries. According to the role the
characters serve in the story, Paulo is the major character. He is the most essential character in the story. He has the fullest attention because the acts of the story are
focused on him from the beginning up to the end of the story. Paulo is the most important character in the novel, so it can be concluded that he is the protagonist
character. Paulo is also a major character based on the frequency of appearance in the novel. It is proved by that almost in every page of the novel talks about Paulo.
Paulo is also regarded as a round or a dynamic character. He tends to grow, develop and change. In his life, Paulo has many problems and experiences which
finally change his life. He has developed from the beginning until the end of the story.
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