CHAPTER IV
DATA AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Description of Prefixes 4.1.1 Prefixes in English
The additional of prefixes usually changes or expands the form, function, distribution and notion of word. In this thesis, I just choose 8 English prefixes.
They are prefix a-, be-, fore-, mis-, un-, under, super- and dis-.
1. Prefix a-
殴
Form
Prefix a- only can be attached to the base forms started with consonant phonemes.
a- + moral î amoral m r l a- + bed î abed ’bed
Prefix a- does not change the base form of the word. a- + mattress î amattress mætris
a- + sleep î asleep ’sli;p
Distribution
Prefix a- can be attached to:
• Verb
Setia Jojor Solin : A Contrastive Analysis Of Prefixes In English And Pakpak Dairi Language, 2008 USU Repository © 2008
a- + sleep î asleep ’sli:p a- + go = ago gou
• Noun
a- + mattress î amattress mætris a- + bed î abed ’bed
Function
Prefix a- can change the class word of the base form.
• a- + Verb î Adjective
a- + sleep î asleep ’sli;p
• a- + Verb î Adverb
a- + go î ago gou
Notion
Prefix a- means:
• Not or without
a- + moral î amoral m ∂r l
• On or in the state of
a- + bed î abed ’bed
Setia Jojor Solin : A Contrastive Analysis Of Prefixes In English And Pakpak Dairi Language, 2008 USU Repository © 2008
2. Prefix be- bi:
Form
Prefix be- only can be attached to the base forms started with consonant phonemes.
be- + friend î befriend bi:frend be- + come î become bi:k m
Prefix be- does not change the base form of the word. be- + friend î befriend bi:frend
be- + come î become bi:k m
Distribution
Prefix a- can be attached to:
• Verb
be- + come î become bi:k m be- + take î betake bi:teik
• Noun
be- + friend î befriend bi:frend be- + devil î bedevil bi:devl
• Adjective
be- + calm î becalm bi:k :m
Setia Jojor Solin : A Contrastive Analysis Of Prefixes In English And Pakpak Dairi Language, 2008 USU Repository © 2008
Function
Prefix be- changes the class word of the base form.
• be- + Noun î Verb
be- + friend î befriend bi:frend
• be- + Adjective î Verb
be- + calm î becalm bi:ka:m
Notion
Prefix be- means:
• Become
be- + friend î befriend bi:frend be- + calm î becalm bi:k :m
3. Prefix fore- f :
Form
Prefix fore- only can be attached to the base forms started with consonant phonemes.
fore- + tell î foretell f :tel fore- + speak î forespeak f :spik
Setia Jojor Solin : A Contrastive Analysis Of Prefixes In English And Pakpak Dairi Language, 2008 USU Repository © 2008
Prefix fore- does not change the base form of the word. fore- + tell î foretell f :tel
fore- + speak î forespeak f :spik
Distribution
Prefix fore- can be attached to:
• Verb
fore- + see î foresee f :si: fore- + speak î forespeak f :spik
• Noun
fore- + word î foreword f :w :d fore- + head î forehead f :hed
Function
Prefix fore- does not change the class word of the base form.
• Fore- + Verb î Verb
fore- + speak î forespeak f :spik
• Fore- + Noun î Noun
fore- + word î foreword f :w :d
Setia Jojor Solin : A Contrastive Analysis Of Prefixes In English And Pakpak Dairi Language, 2008 USU Repository © 2008
Notion
Prefix fore- means:
• Before
fore- + word î foreword f :w :d
• In front of
fore- + head î forehead f :hed
4. Prefix mis- mis-
