Prefix mer- m Prefix pe- pe

• Noun me- + sori î menori menori ‘to comb’ me- + labang î mengelabang me elaba ‘to nail’ Function Prefix me- can change the class word of the base form. • me- + Noun î Verb me- + labang î mengelabangme elaba ‘to nail’ Notion Prefix me- means: • To do something me- + rana î mengerana me erana ‘to speak’

4. Prefix mer- m

殴r- Form Prefix mer- can be attached to the base forms started with vowel and consonant phonemes. mer- + dalan î merdalan merdalan ‘to walk’ mer- + ende î merende merend ‘to sing’ Setia Jojor Solin : A Contrastive Analysis Of Prefixes In English And Pakpak Dairi Language, 2008 USU Repository © 2008 Prefix mer- does not change the base form of the word. mer- + dalan î merdalan merdalan ‘to walk’ mer- + ende î merende merend ‘to sing’ Distribution Prefix mer- can be attached to: • Verb mer- + dea î merdea merd ‘to sell’ mer- + tasak î mertasak mertasak ‘to cook’ • Noun mer- + bapa î merbapa merbapa ‘have father’ mer- + kaka î merkaka merkaka ‘have sister’ • Adjective mer- + lolo î merlolo merlolo ‘to excite’ mer- + kelsoh î merkelsoh merkelsoh ‘to sadden’ Function Prefix mer- can change the class word of the base form. • mer- + Noun î Verb Setia Jojor Solin : A Contrastive Analysis Of Prefixes In English And Pakpak Dairi Language, 2008 USU Repository © 2008 mer- + sodip î mersodip mersodip ‘to pray’ mer- + ende î merende merend ‘to sing’ • mer- + Adjective î Verb mer- + lolo î merlolo merlolo ‘to excite’ mer- + kelsoh î merkelsoh merkeksoh ‘to sadden’ Notion Prefix mer- means: • What is said in the base form mer- + takal î mertakal mertakal ‘has head’ mer- + inang î merinang merina ‘has mother’ • Using what is said in the base form mer- + saung î mersaung mersau ‘using umbrella’ mer- + baju î merbaju merbaju ‘using cloth’ • To do what is said in the base form mer- + tasak î mertasak mertasak ‘to cook’ mer- + sodip î mersodip mersodip ‘to pray’ • Showing intransitive verb Setia Jojor Solin : A Contrastive Analysis Of Prefixes In English And Pakpak Dairi Language, 2008 USU Repository © 2008 mer- + ende î merende m r nd ‘to sing’

5. Prefix pe- pe

Form Prefix pe- can be attached to the base forms started with vowel and consonant phonemes. pe- + ekut î peng kut pe g kut ‘follower’ pe- + bunuh î pemunuh pemunuh ‘killer’ Prefix pe- changes the base form of the word into: • peng- when it is attached to base form started with g and kor started with vowel sounds. pe- + ekut î pengekut pe g kut ‘follower’ pe- + ajar î pengajar pe gajar ‘teacher’ pe- + garar î penggarar pe ggarar ‘payer’ • pem- when it is attached to base form started with b and p and the first phoneme will be dropped pe- + borih î pemorih peorih ‘the way to wash’ pe- + bunuh î pemunuh pemunuh ‘killer’ • penge- when it is attached to base form started with l and r Setia Jojor Solin : A Contrastive Analysis Of Prefixes In English And Pakpak Dairi Language, 2008 USU Repository © 2008 pe- + rana î pengerana pe erana ‘the way to speak’ pe- + labang î pengelabang pe elaba ‘the way to nail’ • pen- when it is attached to base form started with d,j, and c pe- + cekep î pencekep penc k p ‘the way to hold’ pe- + dedah î pendedah pend dah ‘keeper’ • pen- when it is attached to base form started with s, and t and the first phoneme will be dropped pe- + suan î penuan p nuan ‘the way to plant’ pe- + tokor î penokor pennokor ‘buyer’ Distribution Prefix pe- can be attached to: • Verb pe- + ekut î pengekut pe g kut ‘follower’ pe- + tokor î penokor penokor ‘buyer’ • Noun pe- + sori î penori penori ‘the way to comb’ pe- + labang î pengelabang pe elaba ‘the way to nail’ Function Setia Jojor Solin : A Contrastive Analysis Of Prefixes In English And Pakpak Dairi Language, 2008 USU Repository © 2008 Prefix pe- can change the class word of the base form. • pe- + Verb î Noun pe- + ekut î pengekut p gekut ‘follower’ pe- + tokor î penokor p nnokor ‘buyer’ Notion Prefix pe- means: • The way to do something pe- + kuso î pengkuso pe kuso ‘the way to ask’ • Doer pe- + ekut î pengekut pe g kut ‘follower’ pe- + ajar î pengajar pe gajar ‘teacher’ 6. Prefix per- per Form Prefix per- can be attached to the base forms started with vowel and consonant phonemes. per- + langi î perlangi perla i ‘swimmer’ per- + inang î perinang perina ‘the owner of mother’ Prefix per- does not change the base form of the word. Setia Jojor Solin : A Contrastive Analysis Of Prefixes In English And Pakpak Dairi Language, 2008 USU Repository © 2008 per- + langi î perlangi perla i ‘swimmer’ per- + sada î pesada p rsada ‘combine’ Distribution Prefix per- can be attached to: • Verb per- + buru î perburu perburu ‘hunter’ per- + langi î perlangi perla i ‘swimmer’ • Noun per- + juma î perjuma perjuma ‘owner of field’ per- + sapo î persapo persapo ‘owner of a house’ • Adjective per- + mela î permela perm la ‘diffident’ per- + keleng î perkeleng perkele ‘lover’ Function Prefix per- can change the class word of the base form. • per- + Verb î Noun per- + tasak î pertasak pertasak ‘cooker’ per- + buru î perburu perburu ‘hunter’ Setia Jojor Solin : A Contrastive Analysis Of Prefixes In English And Pakpak Dairi Language, 2008 USU Repository © 2008 • per- + Adjective î Noun per- + mela î pemela perm la ‘diffident’ per- + keleng î perkeleng perkele ‘lover’ • per- + Numeral î Verb per- + sada î persda p rsada ‘combine become one’ Notion Prefix per- means: • Having what is said in the base form per- + juma î perjuma perjuma ‘owner of field’ • The way to do something per- + kundul î perkundul perkundul ‘the way to sit’ • Have the character as … per- + mela î pemela perm la ‘diffident’ • Doer per- + buru î perburu perburu ‘hunter’ • Become or to threat as per -+ hamba î perhamba perhamba to threat as a slave ’ Setia Jojor Solin : A Contrastive Analysis Of Prefixes In English And Pakpak Dairi Language, 2008 USU Repository © 2008 • Coming from per- + Medan î perMedan perm dan ‘coming from Medan’

7. Prefix se- se-