Background of the study

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Western society has already expanded their invasion. Its expansion of knowledge, information, and entertainment in multimedia. Those are coming in form of TV programs, videos, movies,etc. They are in the form of original languages and cultures, cause the significant increase of the number of consuming subtitle version programs. Foreign movies especially Hollywood have dominated the movie industry in Indonesia. Neither adults nor teenagers and children are the audience. High quality pictures and good story, make Hollywood movies are increased in demand in Indonesian. Almost all of Hollywood movies are produced in English, which are difficult to understand by Indonesian , this condition can be a problem because of the difference of language used. Therefore, the producers must transfer English as the source language to certain target language.In this case is Indonesian language, in order to make the audience is easier to understand and enjoy the movies. So, the field of movie translation begins to set the pace in translation study and screen translation or Audiovisual Translation AVT is the central to it. Audiovisual is arranged as the media of acquiringinformation and entertainment. To accommodate the market demand, audiovisual translation is developed to give contribution as a society media. Since the terms of audiovisual media gained an international audience, consequently the development of translation methods have been increased. The movie industry recently became an extremely popular in media to gather audience. The movie industry faced a translation problem 2 since only small percentage of the world’s population understood English, consequently, a growing need to find appropriate screen translation approaches. AVT is conventionally categorized into subtitling and dubbing. Each of theminterfered with the original text to different extent. Basically, dubbing is refered to anytechnique of covering the original voice in an audio-visual production by another voice.On the other hand, the activity of subtitling is the process of translation where onelanguage as source language is transfered into other languages as a target language. Itinvolves transferring the characteristics of spoken dialogue to the written mode. For thesubtitler, subtitling is not always an easy job because it has some constraints andlimitations. Many of the translators have tried some various ways to cover the constraints, and the attempts have been done to observe what strategies are adopted in subtitling work.As stated above that audiovisual media can be accessed in subtitle, the term of subtitle may concern to the process involving two languages. Subtitle is transferring the characteristic from spoken dialogue to written mode, which is commonly placed at the bottom and spaced two lines on the screen. In the original subtitle will be at all times available to the audience. It is more preferable cause subtitle allows the viewers to understand the meaning without diminish enjoyment of the movie. Furthermore, subtitle can be an alternative to enrich knowledge from source language. By considering the advantage of subtitle, broadcasting development of the subtitle welcomed since it gives massive effort to the audience. Nowadays, the broadcast subtitle is much demanded. In interpreting source language into subtitle, translators may adopt different strategies to convey dialogue or other content to the target language.Thereby, they consider the limitation space and interface between culture and technology. Gottlieb 3 proposed several strategies that can be applied in subtitle. One of them is condensation. This strategy is characterized by the part of condensed linguistic elements such as repetition or exclamation Georgakopoulou, 2009, p.27-29. For example, the utterance of the original text “Oh my God. No, no, no” will be displayed in subtitle “Ya tuhan. Tidak”. The utterance “no” has involved in repetition. Linguistic element such as repetition is intentionally to be condensed. Gottlieb 1994 has devised ten strategies which he classifies as expansion, paraphrase, transfer,imitation, transcription, dislocation, condensation, decimation, deletion, and resignation. Expansion strategy is one of the strategy occurs in the utterance of subtitle. There are some reasons of the subtitler did expansion. It makes the viewer easier to understand, the other reason is to get universal equivalence or because of grammatical requirement. Indonesian audiovisual industries such as film and TV programs are still imported. Most of them in English, as the result, the subtitle play important role and subtitling industries have to increase. Therefore, the number of audiovisual research especially subtitle is still on the limits. By means for that reason, the writer gains so much interest in this area. Pay attention to Indonesian subtitle as the focus on this research, hence, the writer limits the research which concern to Indonesian subtitling strategies used in English movie. 4

1.2 Problem of the Study