b. To Persuade
People sometimes write to make someone do or believe something by
giving some reason. It is to persuade someone through their writing.
c. To Express
People writes almost everything includes their self-expression. Writing also provides opportunity to show their personality.
d. To Entertain.
Writing is also able to entertain. By reading the funny story writing, people may laugh and it can really entertain someone with this purpose.
B. Descriptive Text
1. The Understanding of Descriptive Text
Descriptive writing which is sometimes called as “showing writing” is
writing that describes a particular person, place, or event. Descriptive writing uses a lot of flowery adjectives and adverbs to describe what is going on or how
something appears. Descriptive writing is an art form. It is painting a word picture so that the reader “sees” exactly what the writer is decribing.
Hegarty in his book entitle “Writing English in Context” said that before
we start to write a descriptive text, firstly, we should remember the old saying “actions speak louder than words”.
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It supposes you are describing real people or literary characters and you can strengthen your descriptive words with examples
of things the character has done or said. For example when you describe someone as “funny”, so tell about funny act.
Descriptive text is created by students based on the description of an object. So, a descriptive text is defined as a verbal picture. Dietsch defines that
description is a recording of concrete details that the writers see, hear, smell, taste and touch. In the other word, it can be mentioned that human five senses have a
6
Carol Hegarty, Writing English in Context, USA: Saddleback Educational Publishing,
2000, p.21.
crucial role in writing in making a description. Description is the chief writing strategy; it conveys a prevailing impression, a mood that remains throughout the
piece for a purpose. She also states that description has been defined by philosopher as “A mode of perception”, a means of knowing
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It means that the readers get description about objects which are described by the writers. In the other word, the writers present information about the objects.
The information which is delivered can be the name of new objects and the characters features the shape, the identity, the physic condition, the object use,
etc of the objects. Obviously, the information can be such a new knowledge or a precious inspiration for readers.
From those explanation, we can conclude that the aim of descriptive text is to share the experience of the writers. In view of sharing experience, the writers
may give description of their stories in life, or they want to give pictures of amazing things they ever see in their lives to the readers, therefore; the experience
is not only as the writers‟ own, however, it also can be shared or can even be enjoyed by the readers. Additionally, another aim of the text is to express the
writers‟ feeling. The feelings which can be expressed by the writers are the expression of happiness, amazement, surprise, dissatisfaction, delight, curiosity,
etc. Also, writers make a descriptive text to entertain the readers to feel happy, to relief the stress, and to get relaxation. In writing descriptive text, the description is
based on a writers‟ own experience. In addition, a good descriptive text is arranged in spatial order. Spatial order locates details according to layout, design,
direction, or place.
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2.
The Generic Structure and Features of Descriptive Text
As a specific genre, descriptive text has generic structure which should be understood well by students. Tony Rogers divides the generic structure into
introduction and description. They point out that introduction is the part of
7
Betty Mattix Dietsch, Reasoning Writing Well Third Edition; A Rhetoric, Research Guider, and Handbook, New York: McGraw Hill, 2003, p. 138.
8
Ibid., p. 40.
paragraph that introduces the characters of the objects, while the description is another part of paragraph that describes the characters of the objects.
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Some features in descriptive writing are simple present tense and adjective phrase. The
simple present tense is used because it tells about a fact. Describing a person can be called as a fact. then, because descriptive writing function is to describe
something, so the writer should know about the adjective phrase well in order to describe something clearly. Here were the sample of descriptive text.
Everyone must have an idol. So do I, Raisa is my favourite singer. I love her because she has a good
voice. She becomes famous because of Youtube Channel.
She is beautiful. She is tall and thin. She has long and straight hair. She also has round eyes, and the
color is brown. She has fair skin. Moreover, she is kind to her fans. She asks her fans to sing together
with her. She is really nice singer. I really like her to be my idol.
C. Scaffolding Technique
1. The Understanding of Scaffolding
The base form of scaffolding is scaffold. Based on Macquarie Dictionary The definitions of scaffold are i a temporary structure for holding workmen and
materials during the erection, repair, cleaning or decoration of a building; ii an elevated platform on which a criminal is executed.
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Even, the definitions of scaffolding are i a scaffold or system of scaffolds; ii the materials used for
building scaffolds. As the Macquarie Dictionary definition indicates, in the building trade scaffolds are enabling structures.
The term “scaffolding” was first coined and defined by David Wood, Jerome S. Bruner, and Gail Ross in a 1976 article analyzing the effectiveness of
9
Artono Wardiman, Masduki B Jahur and M Sukirman Djusma, English in Focus, Jakarta: Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, 2008, p. 16.
10
Beverley Axford, Pam Harders and Fay Wise, Scaffolding Literacy, Australia: ACER Press, 2009, p. 1.
Identification
Description
