The Nature of Speaking

12 communication circumstance. To use language communicatively, the students need to master communicative competence which involves grammatical competence, sociolinguistics competence, strategic competence and discourse competence Richard, 2006:9. It is important for the teacher to think more about how to teach speaking. Learners of English need to make themselves completely involved to practice English in different kinds of learning activies and situation because learning speaking is quite challenging. Seidlhofer and Knapp 2009: 3. It means that the teacher should provides them with many kinds of different activites to help them improve their ability in speaking. The speaking activities can run well when they practice a lot. Harmer 2007: 345-348 explains some important points related to the teaching of speaking to minimize the students’ reluctance in speaking. The first is preparation. Preparation is important because it gives enough time to the students to think about what they want to speak, before they perform speaking in public.The second is the value of repetition. It allows the students to revise on what they have done before, gets some chance to analyze what they have already done and gets them to draft and re-draft their writing. The third is taking the students into big group or small group. Through this way, the students can make sure that they get chances to speak and interact in big or small groups. Therefore, the students can share their idea with they friends. The last is manadatory participation: allowing the students to equal engage in a task without knowing 13 who gets the turn first and who gets the next.This can make the students more prepared and always ready to get their turn. From the explanation above, we can conclude that teaching speaking is not an easy to do. The teacher should provide them with many instrument and give them opportunity to practice it as much as possible. There are many important thing to consider before teaching speaking in order the students will not get any difficulties in practicing such as preparation, repetition, interaction and partcipation.

3. Teaching English in Vocational School

a. Teaching and Learning English in Vocational School

Language is a tool to communicate that has two forms, spoken and written. Communication is regarded as a sociological way of looking at a language Corder, 1973:31. Based on the standard of competencies and the basic competencies for Indonesian schools, English lesson is one of the adaptive lessons. Vocational students have their own needs that should be covered by the teachers. Their primary needs are needs according to their program competence. Based on Depdiknas 2006:384, the objectives of English lesson are giving some English communication abilities for the students based on the program competence and their daily life that appropriate with the global demands in language skills. In the standard of competencies and the basic competencies, all of the goals in vocational school curriculum have been listed in Depdiknas 2006:384. All of those the standard competences and the basic competences must be taught and 14 achieved, because the graduate students of vocational school are expected to fill a job vacancy based on the students’ proficiency and major program. According to Kayi 2006:1, communicative language teaching and collaborative learning are appropriate for this aim. Based on the Richard 2006:2, the goals of language teaching today is being able to use the language for meaningful communication. The most important aspect in the communication is fluency. In line with the statement above, Harmer 2001:85 explains that the communicative language teaching is a good approach to get a good fluency because it involves the students in real-life situations that require communication. By using this method in ESLEFL classes, the students will have a lot of opportunities to communicate with each other in the target language. The scope of English in vocational school includes three aspects Depdiknas , 2006:384. There are presented below. 1 The communication basic of English at novice level. 2 The communication basic of English at elementary level. 3 The communication basic of English at intermediate level. Based on the graduation competence standard SKL of vocational schools, English as one of subjects in the school has two main aims Depdiknas , 2006: 384. There are presented below. 1 The students are able to get knowledge and basic skills of English to support their major competency.