Research Approaches for the Research

1.22. Research Design

As stated before in the beginning of this chapter concerning methods, the research design for methods used to conduct the research consist of research approaches and research methods. The research design of research approaches and research methods will be described in the following section.

1.22.1. Research Approaches for the Research

In order to analyse appropriateness of action case research approach to conduct the research. In the following Table 3.5 and Table 3.6 are listed the characteristic of the research on each organisational context based on the characteristic of action case study approach in Table 3.1. Figure 3.4 The Research Approaches for This Research ACTION CASE 1 in Salford University context A Web based teaching and learning module at University of Salford ACTION CASE 2 in Sanata Dharma University context A simple Web based teaching and learning module at Unversitas. of Sanata Dharma Literature Review A unified conceptual framework Maturity with IT A unified conceptual framework Maturity with IT Findings Guidelines Findings Guidelines RESEARCH QUESTION How does Web-based teaching and learning technology help or support to deliver teaching in Salford University? and What are enabling and inhibiting characteristics associated with the implementation of Web-based teaching and learning technology in Salford University? RESEARCH QUESTION How does Web-based teaching and learning Technology help or support to deliver teaching in Sanata Dharma University? and What are enabling and inhibiting characteristics associated with the implementation of Web-based teaching and learning technology in Sanata Dharma University? Table 3.5 Characteristic of the Action Case in Salford University Context Factor Attribute Action case concern Action case in Salford University context Suitability Research design Declare a framework of idea and a methodology. Understanding of the usage of Web- based teaching and learning technology based on the unified conceptual framework. Researcher skills The researcher has skills and experience to make an intervention. The researcher is a student following a Web-based teaching and learning module guided by a lecturer who has significant experiences using the technology. Interpretation Richness The context of the research is rich enough to provide understanding. The scope of the research involves some students in the module who has different experiences and the lecturer who is teaching using the technology in the real implementation. Focus The research question is sufficiently focused. The research questions focus on the potential usage, and enabling and inhibiting characteristic of the technology in organisation context. Intervention Scale The small scale intervention, comprising scope time a short to medium duration, of the subject for research manageable. The time scale is small duration 6 month limited on one module using the technology. Participation style Less than full participation can be expected from the organisation member. The researcher is a student when he conducts the research to find the effective usage of the technology together with the fellow students under supervision from the lecturer. Critical impact Requirement of a low planned level of critical approach. The current situation is not perceived as requiring a critical intervention. Practicability Economics Sufficient financial support and researcher time is available. The department, where the researcher are studying, provide Internet access facilities to follow the Web-based teaching and learning technology supported by time allocation to follow the module. Access Access can be negotiated with stakeholder. The stakeholders consist of the fellow students and the lecturer Politics There is sufficient backing for action and case component. The researcher is a student when he conducts the research supported by the lecturer. Control The research project can be controlled and monitored against the research plan such using the research framework. The participants, consist of the fellow students and the lecturer, always conduct face-to-face meeting to monitor and control the progress. Based on the justification of the methodology given in the section 3.3 and the characteristic of the action case research approaches on each organisational context listed on Table 3.5 and Table 3.6, this research will use two action case research approaches to answer the research questions as depicted in Figure 3.4. One research will be conducted in Salford University context and the other will be conducted in Sanata Dharma University context. Although there are two action cases in different context, both of the action case researches have a tight relationship. The findings and guidelines as the results of understanding of the first action case research will be used to conduct a relatively small intervention to gain understanding of the second action case research context which might contribute to the knowledge of Web based teaching and learning implementation. Considering that the two action case researches will be conducted in different organisation contexts, there are some factors, which may be considered affecting the difference results of the two action case research. These factors are depicted in Table 3.7. Table 3.6 Characteristic of the Action Case in Sanata Dharma University Context Factor Attribute Action case concern Action case in Sanata Dharma University context Suitability Research design Declare a framework of idea and a methodology. Understanding of the usage Web- based teaching and learning technology based on the unified conceptual framework. Researcher skills The researcher has skills and experience to make an intervention. The researcher is a lecturer in traditional methods and he has followed a Web-based teaching and learning module as a student guided by the lecturer who has significant experiences using the technology. Interpretation Richness The context of the research is rich enough to provide understanding. The scope of the research involves some students in the module and the researcher who is teaching using the technology supported by the college lecturers in the real implementation in different organisation context. Focus The research question is sufficiently focused. The research questions focus on the potential usage, and enabling and inhibiting characteristic of the technology in organisation context. Intervention Scale The small scale intervention, comprising scope time a short to medium duration, of the subject for research manageable. The time scale is small duration 3 month limited on one simple module using the technology. Participation style Less than full participation can be expected from the organisation member. The researcher as a lecturer will try to introduce the potential usage of the technology for some students and lecturer in a department Critical impact Requirement of a low planned level of critical approach. The current situation is not perceived as requiring a critical intervention Practicability Economics Sufficient financial support and researcher time is available. The department, where the researcher is teaching, provides Internet access facilities to the participants who follow the Web-based teaching and learning technology together with time allocation to follow the module. Access Access can be negotiated with stakeholder. The stakeholders consist of some students, college lecturers and course tutor. Politics There is sufficient backing for action and case component. The researcher is as a lecturer when he is conducting the research supported by the course tutor and the college lecturers. Control The research project can be controlled and monitored against the research plan such using the research framework. The researcher supported by the college lecturer tries to monitor and observe the participant activity. Table 3.7 Factors Affecting the Difference Results of the Two Actions Case Research Factors Action case in Salford University context Action case in Sanata Dharma University context Students degree Master degree Undergraduate degree Students role As students following a module as part of students course requirement assessed As volunteer students following a module as additional to students course requirement non-assessed Subject Virtual Organising VO module non technical subject Database design DB module more technical subject Length of research 6 months 3 months joined in the module online 3 months two weeks joined in the module online Virtual Learning Environment VLE Learningspace see appendix A Blackboard see appendix B Material Provider supporter • Author • Web-developer • Online Support • Face-to-face support • The lecturer of VO module • The lecturer of VO module • The lecturer of VO module • The lecturer of VO module • The lecturer of DB moduleresearcher • The lecturer of DB moduleresearcher • The lecturer of DB moduleresearcher • The college lecturer Internet access facility Free Considered free with limitation Culture Students with diversity culture Students with Indonesian culture

1.22.2. Research Methods for the Research