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3. Theory of Personality
This part tells about the theory of personality of children in general and the aspects which influence the development of
children‟s personality. The aspects are divided into two main groups which are internal and external aspects. Internal
aspects are self-theories, family, and experience while the external aspect is social intervention.
a. Definition of Personality
According to Dweck 2008, personality is the consistent pattern of experience and action that are evident across multiple situations or life contexts
. This pattern contains much more than temperament and habitual behavior.
Importantly, it also includes the way one perceives self, others, and events. Children personality is just as the general personality all people have. The
difference is only at their temperament. Child psychologists have focused on temperament traits, the behavioral consistencies that appear early in life, that are
frequently but not exclusively emotional in nature, and that have a presumed biological basis Caspi, Robert, Shiner 2005.
However, one individual and others are different in personality. Therefore, their temperament traits are different also. Caspi, Robert, Shiner 2005 also
said that behavioral genetic studies have established that individual differences in temperament. It is measured even during the first few years of life. Those
differences are only partially heritable and are influenced by environmental experiences.
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b. Aspects of Personality
Each person may have different types of personality because it is affected by many aspects in their life. There are two main aspects which influence the
development of children personality. The first aspect is internal aspect and the second aspect is external aspect.
1 Internal Aspect
The internal aspects are the self-theories, experience, and family. Self- theories are the individual belief of people about themselves. Dweck 2008 says
that b eliefs play a critical role in how well people function. These are people‟s
self- theories. Some people have a fixed or „„entity‟‟ theory, believing that their
qualities, such as their intelligence, are simply fixed traits. Others have a self theory, believing that their most basic qualities can be developed through their
efforts and education. In the other word, it is the way how a person sees and appreciates himself.
Experience plays an important role to build and develop someone‟s
personality. According to Dweck 2008, experience is including the effect of domestic violence, abuse, or maternal depression on the development of
subsequent depression in children. Experience is having the close relationship with the family factor. Family is the first thing that the children know and have.
They determine the development of the children, both physically and mentally. Based on Yusuf‟s 2010, p. 42 theory, the family factors which influence the
development of children‟s personality are: first, the function of the family; whether they are normal or abnormal. The normal family is the family which is
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