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Psychoanalysis is a branch of psychology which deals with an unconscious mind. It was introduced by Freud. It argued that literary works express the
author‟s secret unconsciousness and anxiety. It is also a manifestation of the author‟s own neuroses. Psychoanalysis seeks the evidence of unresolved
emotions, psychological conflicts, and ambivalences Barry, 2009.
2. Theory of Adolescence
Today, adolescence refers to a transitional period between childhood and adulthood that typically begins with the onset of puberty and lasts until the ages of
18 to 21, when the individual enters young adulthood. Originally, the term “adolescence” was made popular by psychologist, Hall in his 1904 study
“Adolescence,” in which he formally defined the developmental Zarrett Eccles, 2006.
Based on Ruffin‟s 2009 theory, there are three kinds of development occur in adolescence.
a. Physical Development
There are some signs of physical development of Adolescent. Those signs are rapid gains in height and weight, continued brain development, and
development of secondary sex characteristics such as growth of pubic hair, menarche, voice changes, and growth of underarm hair.
b. Cognitive Development
Besides physical development, there is a cognitive development which occurs in adolescence. This development is the thinking skills of adolescent.
Adults may recognize that adolescent is having better thinking skills. There are
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some areas in advance thinking skills, which are developing advance reasoning skills and developing abstract thinking skills. First, developing advanced
reasoning skills is including the ability to think about multiple options and possibilities. It includes a more logical thought process and the ability to think
about things hypothetically. Second, developing abstract thinking skills means thinking about things that cannot be seen or touched such as faith ad truth.
c. Psychosocial Development
There are some social issues which adolescent deals with their adolescence life. The first issue is establishing identity. In this stage, teens begin to integrate
the opinion of influential others into their own likes and dislikes. The second issue is establishing autonomy. Autonomy refers to becoming completely independent
from others. Autonomous teens have gained the ability to make and follow through with their own decisions, live by their own set of principles of right and
wrong, and have become less emotionally dependent on their parents. The third issue is establishing intimacy which refers to the close relationship in which
people are open, honest, caring, and trusting such as what they find in friendship. The fourth issue is becoming comfortable with one‟s sexuality. The teen years
mark the first time that young people are both physically mature enough to reproduce and cognitively advanced enough to think about it. The last issue is the
achievement. Because of the cognitive advances, the teen years are a time when young people can begin to see the relationship between their current abilities and
plans and their future vocational aspirations.
