Differences Between Error and Mistake

ommision that is “reflecting learner’s efforts to make the task of learning and using the L2 simpler, ” 19 as in “The man who I saw him” 20 3. Incomplete Application of Rules Incomplete application is “occurence of structures whose deviancy represents the degree of development of the rules required to produce acceptable utterances ”. 21 Ellis called this source of error with transfer, that is the result of “reflect learners’ attempts to make use of their L1 knowledge.” 22 Hubbard called this source of error with mother tongue interference, that is the result of “the sound system phonology and the grammar of the first language impose themselves on the new language, ” 23 as in “Teacher’s question: What’s he doing? Student’s response: He opening the door” 24 4. False Concept Hypothesized False concept hypothesized is “faulty comprehension of distinction in the foreign language. It may be the result of poor gradation of teaching items ”. 25 Hubbard called this source of error with error encouraged by teaching material or method, that is the result of “a teacher may over-stress the auxiliary verb in his repeated question and then find it echoed in the response, ” 26 as in 19 Rod Ellis, loc.cit. 20 Richards, op.cit., p.47-51 21 Ibid. 22 Rod Ellis, loc.cit. 23 Hubbard, et.al., loc.cit. 24 Richards, loc.cit. 25 Ibid. 26 Hubbard, et.al., loc.cit. “He is speaks French” 27 b. Developmental error is “the result of the learner attempting to build hypotheses about the English language from his limited experience of it in the classroom or textbook. ” 28 Brown divides the sources of errors: inter-lingual transfer, intra-lingual transfer, context of learning and communication strategies. 29 a. Interlingual Transfer “Interlingual transfer is the result of transfer from the native language, many such errors are detectable in learner speech ” 30 . Meanwhile, Susan notes that “Interlingual errors are those that can be attributed to native language.” 31 as in “the book of Jack Instead of Jack’s book.” 32 b. Intralingual Transfer “Intralingual transfer-generalization is the result of as the learner progress in the second language, their previous experience and their existing subsumers begin to include structures within the target language itself ” 33 . Susan also comments that intralingual error are “those that are due to the language being learned, independent of native language” 34 , as in “I don’t know what time is it 27 Richards, loc.cit. 28 Richards, loc.cit. 29 Brown, Op.cit., p.223 30 Ibid. 31 Grass and Selinker, loc.cit. 32 Brown. loc.cit. 33 Ibid. 34 Grass and Selinker. loc.cit.