Spoken Cycle The Accountability of the Proposed Instructional Materials on Short

42 1. Internal Accountability The unit of the designed materials was divided into two cycles. They were spoken cycle and written cycle. Each cycle consisted of four stages that were building knowledge of the field, modeling and deconstructing of text, joint construction of the text, and independent construction of the text. The cycles were developed based on the objectives stated in the School­Based Curriculum.

a. Spoken Cycle

The spoken cycle emphasized on speaking and listening skills. It divided into four stages. They were building knowledge of the field, modeling and deconstructing of the text, joint construction of the text, and independent construction of the text. In this stage students were involved in some activities in a form of dialogues and monologues. The students’ assessment was obtained from their construction of dialogues and monologues, as they meet the objectives of the cycle. Table 4.1 The Objectives of the Spoken Cycle Cycle Objectives Spoken Cycle 1. Listening Students are able to comprehend and respond the meaning of short functional text in any discourses 2. Speaking Students are able to express the meaning of short functional text in any discourses PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 43 b. Written Cycle The written cycle focused on the written short functional text construction. To evaluate the students’ learning, at the end of this cycle, the students were expected to be able to construct written short functional text. Table 4.2 The Objectives of the Written Cycle Cycle Objectives Written Cycle 1. Reading Students are able to comprehend and respond the meaning of short functional text in any discourses 2. Writing Students are able to express the meaning of short functional text in a form of written texts Moreover, there were eight units presented as the final product of the study. Since each unit consists of two cycles and four stages in each as stated previously, therefore, the accountability of one unit is similar to others. There were four sections in each unit that reflect the stages. They were: 1 Lead in reflects the stage of building knowledge of the field. 2 Knowing Deeper reflects the stage of modeling and deconstructing of text. 3 Walking Together reflects the stage of joint construction of the text, and 4 Work it out reflects the stage of independent construction of the text. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 44 The accountability of the two sections were presented as follows. Spoken Cycle 1 Lead in There were some exercises which aimed to improve the students’ vocabulary about the topic. The exercises covered completing dialogue, comprehension questions, and crossword. Those exercises were intended to help the students find the topic of the text discussed in the unit designed. In the exercises, some terms on the topic were introduced to activate the students’ background knowledge. 2 Knowing Deeper In this section the students learned the model of certain functional text, as well as its generic structure. The exercises covered comprehension question, which aimed to find the main idea of the text. Moreover, the students also learned the language features and terms usually used in certain topic. Furthermore, exercises on text deconstruction were presented to help the students construct a text on the next stage. 3 Walking Together There were some exercises in this stage which should be done in pair. The purpose is to prepare the students to work independently for the next stage. For example, first, the students should read two classified advertisements with different product, and make a PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 45 comparison between two advertised products. Then, they should construct a dialogue based on the information collected. Principally, in this stage students were expected to be able to construct dialogues or monologues through group work. Besides, students were also involved in discussion activity so they would have more knowledge to share. 4 Work it out The exercises in this section required the students to construct individually a monologue or dialogue based on the clues in the given information. In some exercises, they are free to decide the situation or condition related to the topic. After that, the students might perform the monologue in front of the class as their assessment. Written Cycle 1 Lead in There were some sections in this stage. First, the students were introduced to a kind of short functional text. The following exercises were basically aimed to check the students’ comprehension and to give vocabulary enrichment. 2 Knowing Deeper In this section, students should learn and be able to identify the generic structure and language features of written form of PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 46 materials. The anatomy of the text and the example of its structure also presented to ease the students to understand the deconstruction of the text. 3 Walking Together The students were involved in a group work activities, either in pairs or in a group of four. The exercise covered completing informationpicture in the text, and answering some questions related to the advertisement. The students also involve in the discussion with another group. Those exercises were given in order to ease the students learning process for the next stage. 4 Work it out For individual project, the students should be able to product or design certain kind of short functional text in a form of written text. They can put some information or pictures on the designed short functional text to make it good and interesting.

2. External Accountability

Interview was conducted as external accountability to get evaluation from teachers, whether the designed materials are suitable with the demand of School Based Curriculum and to be implemented in a classroom using the curriculum. There were sixteen questions given to the evaluators. The evaluators’ suggestions on the designed materials were needed to improve the materials. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 47 Based on the interview, there were some statements of the designed materials as follows. a. The designed materials had been suitable with the demand of School­ Based Curriculum. b. The exercises had been developed from the simplest and the easiest exercise into the more complex and difficult exercises. c. The exercises in the four stages had been interconnected with each other. d. The exercises had been provided with efficient and communicative instructions. e. The cycles encourage the students to communicate in English actively. f. The exercises could help the students in mastering the life skills. There are suggestions from the evaluators which used as consideration for the materials improvement. The suggestions were: a. There should be an adjustment on the meeting. b. There should be more group work in doing the exercises. c. Revisions should be done on listening exercises. d. The assignments should be related to the aspects of the students’ life. e. Some unclear pictures need to be edited. f. A topic of Simple Past should be added because it is also needed in creating advertisement text. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 48 There were some changes that should be made to improve the unit. The changes conducted were based on the suggestions of the participants. However, there were suggestions which were not done because they were considered inappropriate for the improvement of the unit. a. The number of the meeting had been adjusted. b. There had been more group works in doing the exercises. c. The listening exercises had been revised. d. Some assignments had been created related to the aspects of the students’ life. e. Some unclear pictures had been edited. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

This chapter consists of two parts. The first part contains the conclusion of the study, while the second part includes the suggestions for the English teachers and the future researchers.

A. Conclusions