Background of the Research

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1.4 Benefits of the Research

This research is expected to give some contributions to many people. Firstly, the readers can gain knowledge from this research especially about the human motivation. Readers can understand easily about the motivation and know what motivation is so that readers can make their own character building. For the education, this research is expected to give contribution to the learning of literature. The teachers can use Japanese literature because it is also as great as the literature from other countries and can promote about the culture cross cultural understanding. For the next research, this research can be the reference about the Japanese culture especially geisha and about the motivation in keeping relationships.

1.5 Definition of Terms

To understand this research easily, writer will define the terms that are used in this research. 1.5.1 Geisha Geisha in Japanese means a person of art. Geisha is a person who performs arts in giving pleasure and enjoyment for the customers. They show their arts skill. She is not considered as the prostitute because Geisha does not have relationships in sex. In performing arts, Geisha can dance, sing, and play music or poem. Geisha makes up her face with white paint. The job of Geisha is only to entertain the customers in the party or in the teahouse. In this research, Komako 5 performs her arts as a geisha in giving pleasure and enjoyment for her customers. She tries not to make relationships with other people especially her customers. 1.5.2 Need According to Hull, need is internal homeostatic imbalance that must be satisfied in order to keep the body performing at a consistent level. In this research, need is defined as something that demanded to be fulfilled. as cited in Worchel and Shebilske, 1989, p. 375. It is defined that Komako’s needs of love and belongingness are demanded to be fulfilled. 1.5.3 Motivation According to Worchel and Shebilske 1989, motivation comes from the pleasure one gets from the something itself or from the sense of satisfaction in completing or even working on something p. 373. Motivation is defined as a desire or an action to do something that supports to reach the goal of life. This research will explore Komako’s desire in keeping her relationships with Shimamura to gain pleasure and satisfaction. 6

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter consists of two sub headings. The first is the theoretical review and the second is the criticisms made on the novel by other writers and sources. The theoretical review consists of character and characterization and theory of motivation. The theoretical framework explains the theory that will be used in answering the research question.

2.1 Review of Related Theories

This part consists of theory of literature and theory of motivation. The theory of motivation consists of Murray’s Theory, Maslow’s Theory and Beck’s Theory. The theory of literature consists of the theories of character and characterization.

2.1.1 Psychological Approach

This research only uses psychological approach. The psychological approach uses the knowledge of psychology to understand literary works. This approach can explain various patterns of human behavior that are done by or happened to the characters in a literary work. It means that psychological theories explain about human motivation, personality, behavior patterns that can be used to interpret a literary work. This research uses psychological approach in order to analyze the character’s motivation in keeping relationships in the story more deeply.