Character and Characterization Secondary Needs

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CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, there are three parts that are discussed. Those parts are object of the research, approach of the research and method of the research. Object of the research tells about the novel discussed in the research. The approach of the research tells about the approach that is used in analyzing the novel and why that approach is used. The method of research tells about the procedures in analyzing the novel.

3.1 Object of the Research

The object of this research is Snow Country 1957. This is a novel written by a Japanese author, Yasunari Kawabata. The first edition of this novel was published in Japanese in 1947 entitled Yukiguni. This research uses the version which was published by Tuttle Publishing in 1957 and translated from Japanese to English by Edward G. Seidensticker. The novel contains 2 parts and is 175 pages long. Snow Country tells about the living of geisha in a place that has long and gray winters. The major characters are Shimamura and Komako. The story starts from Shimamura who has a journey to Snow Country. Shimamura is a wealthy dilettante. Shimamura has come three times to the Snow Country. The story begins with the second visit of Shimamura to Snow Country. On the second visit, 16 he finds that Komako has been a geisha. At the first visit, Komako was not a geisha yet, but Shimamura thought that she was a geisha. Komako is the first beautiful geisha he has seen so he thinks that all of the geisha in Snow Country are beautiful. Shimamura wants Komako to help him find a geisha as beautiful as Komako because both Shimamura and Komako want their relationships to be just friends so it can last longer. Although Shimamura hopes that they are friends, Komako is falling in love with him at the first visit. Shimamura says that he will go to Snow Country once a year. Komako said that their relationships were just friends so it could last longer. As time goes by, Komako was also fall in love with Shimamura. While Komako was busy as geisha, she always tried to spend her time to be with Shimamura. On the second visit, Komako still remembers about the first time they meet. Komako still wants that Shimamura to be beside her although she knows that their relationships cannot be more than just friends. On this visit, Komako tells Shimamura about her life and she feels happy. Komako has become a real geisha on the second visit. As a geisha, she has met many men. She also has relationships with other man. Some of those relationshipss that bother her life become her burden. Shimamura went back to Tokyo to get his ordinary life. On the third visit, although Komako wants to be more than just friend, she can keep the promise that she and Shimamura has made at their first meeting. A few times later, he came back to Snow Country and realized that Yoko who was Komako’s servant made him fell in love. It created conflicts between Shimamura and Komako. Although they had conflicts, Komako hoped that she 17 would be with Shimamura but she knew that she could not. Komako lived her life and tried to keep the relationships with Shimamura.

3.2 Approach of the Research

The focus of this research was the motivation of Kamako to be a Geisha in Snow Country. This research needed an approach which could be used in analyzing the problem. There are five kinds of approaches in analyzing literary work. Those approaches are formalist approach, biographical approach, sociocultural-historical approach, mythopoeic approach and psychological approach. This research used psychological approach because it could help in analyzing human motivation, personality, and behavior which related to psychology. This research could obtain deeper understanding of the motivation of Komako, who is a geisha, in keeping relationships with Shimamura, who is a married man using psychological approach. Human motivation is psychology’s concern. Therefore, this research needed psychological approach to answer the problems formulated.

3.3 Method of the Research

This research was a library research. There were two kinds of sources that were used in analyzing the problems formulated. Those sources were primary and secondary sources. The primary source was the novel Snow Country 1957 itself by Yasunari Kawabata. The secondary sources were the sources that support the analysis. There were several books related to the theory of literature and the theory of motivation. This research used library research method in gathering the