43 In dealing with reliability of the data in this research, the researcher uses
triangulation. Burns 2010: 97 stated that there are four kinds of triangulation namely time triangulation, space triangulation, investigator triangulation, and
theoretical triangulation. However, in this research, the researcher used three of them.
a. Investigator Triangulation
There was more than one observer in the same setting to avoid personal bias and to provide checks and the reliability of the observation. Furthermore
Burns 2010: 97 suggests another name of it which is proposed by Denzin, that is researcher triangulation where the data are collected by more than one researcher.
During the research the English teacher acted as the collaborator who monitored the classroom situation during the class meeting.
b. Theoretical Triangulation
The data were analysed from many perspectives based on more than one theoretical review in interpreting the data. Denzin calls it Theory triangulation as
cited by Burns 2010: 97 which suggests that the data are analysed from more than one theoretical perspective. In this research, the data gathered during the
research were developed form the theoretical ideas of the researcher compared in the written theories of some eminent experts and the collaborators’ observations
and reflections.
44
c. Time Triangulation
The data were collected at different points of time as proposed by Denzin, in Burns 2010: 97. During the research the interviews were dine at the
beginning, the middle and the end of the research. The result showed the changes which the students made and the improvements they achieved from time to time.
Triangulation was used in the research in purposes of avoiding subjectivity and also maintaining trustworthiness in analysing the data. It was performed by
providing genuine data such as field notes, observation checklist, and interview transcripts. The triangulation was applied by performing interviews with the
teacher and the students and also observation during the classroom research.
E. Procedure of the Research
Burns 2010: 2 states that Action Research is taking an area you feel could be done better, subjecting it to questioning, and then developing new ideas
and alternatives. In doing AR, following these steps is needed, suggested by Kemmis and McTaggart in Burns 2010: 8.
