Theoretical Framework THEORETICAL REVIEW

imagination. The processes of author ‟s works are legitimate object of the Psychologist ‟ investigate curiosity. Second, study of psychology of literature can be used to observe psychological of the characterization also explores the author‟s mind and feeling in the creative process Endraswara, 2003: 98. The work of literature as psychological phenomenon will present the psychological aspects through the characters in the novel. At first there was hesitancy that psychological aspects could be present in literary text. It ever stated by Derrida in Endraswara 2003: 97 “what a text is, and when the psyche must be if it can be represented by a text?” Although the aspects are abstract but the researcher should be able to pay close attention those accurate. It is difficult to avoid that comprehension of literary text needs psychology because literary work includes psychological aspects of human being. This approach uses some steps that must be done by the writer who uses psychological approach of literature Endraswara, 2003: 104. Firstly, this approach emphasize on intrinsic elements of play such as character and characterization. Secondly the writer needs to study about the theme of the play. It will give a point to the writer to analyze focus not just on one character but all characters which are appearing in the play. Thirdly, analysing of the character in a play must be piloted with plot. It will bring this analyze still on the structure of the play in order to keep analyzing not framed only on utilizable of psychological theory. That is why the psychological approach is used in analyzing this study to help the writer studies the psychological aspect of the personality of main characters 23 toward the feeling of love. The writer tries to analyze psychological approach and answer the questions in problem formulation.

C. Methods of the Study

In writing this thesis, the first step to do is finding the topic. In the process of finding the topic, the writer read the novel many times to obtain the essence. After understanding the novel, the writer tried to find books to be used in analyzing The Phantom of the Opera. There are two kinds of sources to be used: the primary and the secondary sources. The primary source is the novel itself, while the secondary one is other books or references to find the theories and other articles needed in analysis. The second step was used as the method to support the answer of the problem formulation. The library research was used as the method of this study. All of the data will be taken from books and journals that are related to the topic. The writer reads many books to find the theory of character and characterization from Murphy‟s Understanding Unseens: An Introduction to English Poetry and English Novel for Overseas Students, theory of love from Rollo May‟s Love and Will , and theory of personality development from Hurlock„s Personality Development. The writer applies the psychological approach in this thesis. It is used to see the psychological effect which is influenced by love relationship toward the personality changes. The writer can apply certain psychological theory in analyzing the control of the story in a work of literature. Besides, it is used to find 24 the answer of the personality changes of the chosen character from the book Hurlock‟s Personality Development. The third step is analyzing the data. In analysing the data, the writer discussing the data that indicate love experienced by the main characters. Then, the writer describe their love relationship and the influence of love toward their personality changes. The last step to do is the writer make conclusion based on the analysis and discussion of the novel. It concludes in the last chapter as the final of the research result. 25