Internal Factors Cause of Learning Disabilities

PART II CHILDREN WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES LEARNING DISABILITIES

A. Understanding the Learning Disabilities in Children

Learning disabilities in this book include general learning difficulties caused by internal and external factors. A child is known to have learning difficulties usually because of low academic performance. Some behaviors that often lead to learning difficulties in addition to low achievement, among others: • Working on tasks beyond the time • Do not direct the task • Attention is not focused • Like to annoy your friends • Deviant behavior • Passive • Often absent from school coming late • Lazy • Do not want to read, write and count The above behaviors are behaviors that become the impact of learning difficulties and is not used as the basis of determining instructional accommodations and modifications. Behavior that leads to barriers to learning to be a reference in determining accommodations and modifications, focused, passive and unable to read, write and count. Such behavior may arise due to various reasons internally factor of the child and external external factors

B. Cause of Learning Disabilities

Causes of a child experiencing learning difficulties according to Osman Wardani, 1995, among others: a. Intelligence, Intelligence of students who are under normal often show difficulties in understanding the material, limited memory span, and analytical skills are weak. This leads on the cognitive abilities of the weak. However, a high level of intelligence is not a guarantee of success of the students to succeed in learning, Behavior in children learning disabilities:  Like to annoy your friends  Conduct Chatter  Lazy  Do not go to school

1. Internal Factors

4 and sometimes encountered significant gaps in academic achievement, and is widely known as a child underachiever. b. Health, children suffering from malnutrition, malnutrition will have a tendency low learning motivation, body weak, lackluster and often sleepy. It will also lead to the development of the brain may be not optimal. This happens to children who lack protein. c. The level of activity and ability to concentrate. Children who easily switch attention to objects or things around would be hampered in understanding the material. Childrens ability to focus and sustain attention is the basis of success in learning. Learning requires focused attention for some time to the process, in order to understand what is learned. Figure 1. Lack of concentration attention The function senses of sight and hearing. Children who experience obstacles eyesight will have difficulty seeing the writing on the blackboard as well as children who have a hearing loss will have difficulty understanding verbal information and teachers. d. Emotions, many pointed out that causes learning difficulties include anxiety or fear, depression, nervousness, anxiety and panic. Fear to try for fear of failing later in the banter and friends, fear of mistaken stupid so do not want to ask, feeling depressed because of the demands of the parents cause students not optimal in learning. e. Immaturity or maturity late. Maturity is needed in readiness of a student in the learning process, ie the ability to read and write requires maturity fine motor movement and eye movement, so the delay in maturity it can impede student mastery. Figure 2. Unpreparedness learning 5 a. Teachers gave the nickname the slow or the troublemaker is a negative thing that is often encountered. It not only causes the child to believe that house calls, but also adds to the problems they had experienced. Acceptance of teachers of children with learning difficulties are still rare Bryan, 1997; Sale Carey, 1995 in Pavri Luftig, 2000. Compliments are rare, low expectations, rejection actively, often shown to ABB compared with children without learning difficulties. Figure 3. The teachers gave the nick name “the slow” b. Attention parents. Uncontrolled study habits at home because of parental attention that is less likely to cause the child to feel his own face academic problems. Economic problems are also likely to lead to minimal attention from their parents.

2. Eksternal Factors