10 study. The Romans worked out the tradition of comparing the works of great orators
and poets of Greek and Roman and found out many similarities among their studies of literary works.
The comparative study is not different from a critical approach of a particular literature except the fact that here we deal with two or more than two literatures side
by side. In this way, the subject matter becomes vaster and perspective wider. Boundaries of comparative literature have to be extended to encompass the entirety
of human life and experiences in ones embrace.
2.4 Motifs
A motif is any recurring element that has symbolic significance in a story. Through its repetition, a motif can help produce other narrative or literary aspects
such as theme or mood. Any number of narrative elements with symbolic significance can be classified as motifs—whether they are images, spoken or written
phrases, structural or stylistic devices, or other elements like sound, physical movement, or visual components in dramatic narratives. To distinguish between a
motif and theme a general rule is that a theme is abstract and a motif is concrete. A motif is not necessarily a theme. The latter is usually defined as a message,
statement, or idea, while a motif is simply a detail repeated for larger symbolic meaning. In other words, a narrative motif—a detail repeated in a pattern of
meaning—can produce a theme; but it can also create other narrative aspects distinct from theme. A motif is a recurring symbol which takes on a figurative meaning. We
see them in books, films, poems; in fact almost every text commonly uses the literary device of the motif. A motif can be almost anything: an idea, an object, a concept, a
11 character archetype, the weather, a color or even a statement. Motifs are used to
establish a theme or a certain mood, they have a symbolic meaning. The literary device ‘motif’ is any element, subject, idea or concept that is
constantly present through the entire body of literature. Using a motif refers to the repetition of a specific theme dominating the literary work. Motifs are very
noticeable and play a significant role in defining the nature of the story, the course of events and the very fabric of the literary piece.
Through motifs will be found the theme of the story, because motifs is smallest elements of the story and what motifs that is repeated in the story. Through
its repetition, a motif can help produce other literary aspects such as theme or mood. Knowing motifs, it make us easy to find the differences and the similarity of
the literature and in this thesis will be compared the both of the literary work based on finding motifs of the both of literary work.
Sometimes, examples of motif are mistakenly identified as examples of symbols. Symbols are images, ideas, sounds or words that represent something else
and help to understand an idea or a thing. Motifs, on the other hand, are images, ideas, sounds or words that help to explain the central idea of a literary work i.e.
theme. Moreover, a symbol may appear once or twice in a literary work, whereas a motif is a recurring element.
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2.5 Theory of emancipation
