35 revise, improve, and make the final version of the designed materials.
Table 3.2 Points of Agreement of the Respondents’ Opinions
Points of Agreement
Meaning 1
If the respondents strongly disagree with the statement 2
If the respondents disagree with the statement 3
If the respondents neither agree nor disagree with the statement doubt
4 If the respondents agree with the statement
5 If the respondents strongly agree with the statement
Table 3.3 The Data of the Respondents’ Opinions Blank
Central Tendency No.
Respondents’ Opinions on N
Mean
F. Research Procedures
In this part, the writer would like to discuss the procedures in conducting the research. The procedures were divided into three parts. They were pre-design
activities, design activities, and post-design activities. Those three parts were in accordance with the five steps of R D cycle.
1. Pre-design Activities
In pre-design activities, the writer prepared the research instruments that PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
36 were used to gather the data; they were questionnaires and an interview guideline.
After that, the writer conducted the needs survey to know the students’ needs, lacks, interest, and learning styles by distributing the first questionnaire to the
second grade students of SMK BOPKRI I Yogyakarta and interviewing their English teachers. These activities were in accordance with step 1 of R D cycle;
that is, research and information collecting. Then, the writer analyzed the data
from the questionnaire and interview.
2. Design Activities
In this part, the writer designed instructional writing materials using Task- Based Language Teaching for the second grade students of SMK BOPKRI I
Yogyakarta. The writer used the results of the needs survey as the basis of the materials development. In designing the materials, the writer selected available
materials, modified existing materials, and designed new materials. These activities were in accordance with step 2 and step 3 of R D cycle ; i.e., planning
and developing preliminary form of product.
3. Post-design Activities
After designing the materials, the writer distributed the second questionnaire and the designed materials to the English teachers of SMK BOPKRI I Yogyakarta
and three lecturers of the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University to gather evaluations and feedback on the designed materials.
It was in accordance with step 4 of R D cycle; that is, preliminary field testing.
Then, the writer analyzed the data from the evaluations and feedback given by the respondents. The results of the survey on the designed materials were used for the
next steps; i.e., revising and making the final version of the instructional writing PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
37 materials design. These last steps were in accordance with step 5 of
R D cycle; that is, main product revision.
38
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter consists of three parts. The first part is the steps of designing instructional writing materials for SMK BOPKRI I Yogyakarta. This part answers
the first question in the problem formulation. The second part is the results of the surveys conducted by the writer. In this part, the writer elaborated the results of
the needs survey and the survey on the designed materials. The last part is the presentation of the designed instructional writing materials for SMK BOPKRI I
Yogyakarta. It is the answer to the second question in the problem formulation.
A. The Steps of Designing Instructional Writing Materials for SMK BOPKRI I
Yogyakarta
The writer applied four instructional design steps in designing the writing materials for SMK BOPKRI I Yogyakarta. The steps were analyzing learner
characteristics; listing the topics and stating the objectives; selecting, modifying, and designing materials; and also evaluating and revising the materials. The writer
discusses each of the instructional design steps as follows.
1. Analyzing Learner Characteristics
In this step, the writer identified the learner characteristics by conducting a needs survey. The needs survey was conducted by distributing a questionnaire to
the second grade students, 2 AP class and 2 AK class, of SMK BOPKRI I Yogyakarta on 17
th
and 21
st
May 2007. Moreover, to obtain additional information about the learner characteristics, the writer conducted an informal
