Definition of Lived Experience Computer Based Test

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a. Computer-Based Test

Computers are becoming an essential part of everyday life, requiring most of the population to become skilled in the use of common information technology IT tools such as word processors and spreadsheets Brown, Bull, Race, 2003. Computers are used almost in every public places such as companies, hospitals, airport, library, universities, schools, and other places, even in our house. According to Brown, Bull, and Race 2003 computer based assessment CBAs are now in widespread used in higher education. Based on Ripley 2009 computer-based exams are part of e-assessment, which Ripley 2009 defines as “the use of technology to digitize, make more efficient, redesign or transform assessments and tests” that is includes “professional examinations, qualifications, certifications and school tests, classroom assessment for le aving” p.93. Over the years the other ways in which assessments could be facilitated by using computers have been envisaged and in many cases tried. Surgeons and pilot often do computer-based exams using simulators, some oral language exams have included „talking‟ into the computer Pearson Education Australia, 2012, as cited in Newhouse 2013. Futrell Geisert 1995 say computers play a role in instruction similar to that of other media such as overhead projectors, textbooks, work sheets, or film. The computer is important to the degree that it contributes to the teaching and learning process. The goals of computer-using teacher are in art, science, mathematics, language arts, social studies, or other disciplines, not in computer Futrell Geisert, 1995. As Futrell say before that the main point in using PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 10 computer in teaching is not teaching about computer but any subject beside computer. So, in other word teacher can use computer to teach any subject they need. Computer based examination is the form of assessment in which the computer is an integral part of question papers‟ delivery, response storage, marking of response or reporting of result from a test or exercise Whittington, Bull Danson, 2000. Computer based examination can be used to promote more effective learning by testing a range of skills, knowledge and understanding. Accessing and managing of information and managing and developing communication skill are possible to assess online which cannot be assessed in regular essay based examination Brown, Race, Bull, 2003. Then, according to Bodmann and Robinson 2004 computer based test offers several advantages over traditional paper-and-pencil or paper-based. Technology based assessment provide opportunities to measure complex form of knowledge reasoning that is not possible to engage and assess through traditional method. It is also important that sitting a computerize assessment in a non IT-based subject should require nothing more than very basic computer skills; such as maze navigation and „clicking procedures‟ Brown, et al 2003. Computer- based test also known as “computer assisted” or “web-based” test are small- scale “home grown” tests available on websites Brown, D 2004, pp.14. In the early years of CBT many fairly basic design issue baffled testing companies and states as they sought to transfer paper and pencil test onto a computer-based platform Thompson, at.al, 2006 as cited in Thurlow, Albus, PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 11 Hodgson, 2010. The computer-based exam could be delivered on a stand-alone personal computer, or within an isolated Local Area Network LAN or use online technologies, such as web-pages over the internet Taylor, 2005. Nowadays computer based test have been used in many countries, including Indonesia. In 2015 Indonesian used this in National Examination NE as one of examination method. According to Brown, et al 2003 from the teacher‟s point of view, the most meaningful way to test the utility of computer-based assessment may be to compare it with what existed before. In national examination there are two method of testing. First method Paper-Based Test or Paper-Pencil Test. The second is Computer Based Test CBT. Based on National Examination Standards Operating Procedure 20142015 from BSNP, Paper Based National Examination Paper Based Test PBT that hereinafter called UN-PBT is an examination system in National Examination NE that uses exercise sheets and National Examination Answer Sheets NEAS paper-based. While Computer Based Test National Examination is an examination system in NE that uses computer system. 1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer Based Test Based on the National Examination Policy Changes from Indonesian Educational and Cultural Minister there are two main advantages of CBT. First, improve quality, flexibility and reliability of national examination. Second, expedite the procurement process of national examination that faster and more detail for students, parents, and schools. Then, the other advantages of CBT also make the students on time to start the NE, less time to work on grade manually