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f. Gender, differences in patterns of language use between men and women,
such as quantity of speech, intonation patterns. g.
Age, the influence of age of the speaker on the use of vocabulary and grammar complexity.
2.2. Bilingualism
When two or more languages used alternately by the same speaker, it can be said that those languages interact each other. The use of two or more languages
alternately by a speaker is called bilingualism. Mackey 1992:12 and Fishman 1975:73 in Abdul Chaer and Leonie Agustina stated that bilingualism means the
use of two languages by a speaker in his society by turns. Someone who wants to use two languages, of course they must master the two languages. They must master their
mother tongue and another language that becomes a second language. When people use two languages to interact with other people they become bilingual.
People sometime speak languages that they have mastered. When they know more than one language, they may use both of which in their conversation. People
use more than one language that occurs in situation of social context, which is a situation where they learn a second language in their communities. In a situation
where a person learns a second language, they can be divided between the situation of language learning, language acquisition and people who learn the language.
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Nababan 1993:27 differs bilingualism and bilinguality. According to him, bilingualism is habitual to use two languages to interact with other people.
Bilinguality is an ability to use two languages. So, we can conclude that bilingualism is habitual; bilinguality is ability and bilingual is the person.
Furthermore, Bloomfield 1933:56 defines the bilingualism as “ability of a speaker in using two languages, in case the using of first language as good as the
second language”. According to Bloomfield, someone called bilingual if shehe able to use the first language as well as the second language. However, many arguments
toward Bloomfield’s concept about bilingualism. First, it’s not easy to evaluate the ability of the speaker in mastering two languages that they use and second, is there
any speaker that using the second language as well as first language, and it is rarely to find someone who master in two languages as well.
2.3. Code
