D. Definitions of Terms
1. Issei
Issei  is  the  first-generation  Japanese  immigrants  who  came  to  the USA between 1870 until 1924. They were relatively homogeneous; most
were  young  and  had  had  four  years  of  schooling.  Most  of  them  were male  and  most  came  from  rural  Japan.  The  Issei  came  primarily  from
southern  Japan,  particularly  the  prefecture  of  Hiroshima,  Fukuoka, Kumamoto, Wakayama, and Yamaguchi Kitano, 1985: 239.
2. Postcolonial Feminist
Postcolonial  feminist  is  a  person  or  a  group  of  people  who challenges  the  concept  of  universalism  in  feminism.  They  critique
European  and  North  American  feminists  for  „universalizing‟  the conditions of women, they argues that the distinctions among women out
of  their  race  and  cultural  background  should  be  emphasized  as  well https:blogs.stockton.edupostcolonialstudiesdigitizing-postcolonial-
feminism.
7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Review of Related Studies
Since  this  thesis  discusses  how  the  sruggle  of  Issei  widow  in  Wakako Yamauchi‟s play, some reviews on her works are important to see in order to get a
better  understanding  about  them  and  how  Yamauchi  describes  Japanese  women immigrant
‟s lives in the USA in her works.
Shelley  R.  Terry  in  the  thesis  entitled  Five  Female  Characters  Driven  to Suicide  in  Plays  by  20th-Century  Female  Playwrights  as  a  Result  of  Domestic
Violence  in  a  Patriarchal  Society discusses  a  female  character  in  Wakako
Yamauchi‟s  And  The  Soul  Shall  Dance  named  Emiko  who  experiences  an arranged marriage. Her relationship with her husband, Oka, is not harmonious and
often filled with emotional and physical abuse. A male-dominated Japanese American society, verbal and physical abuse,
and societally imposed oppression also drove unwilling Japanese emigrant Emiko to become unbalanced and commit suicide in Wakako Yamauchi
‟s And The Soul Shall Dance
Terry, 2010: 25 Since Oka has no control over choosing a wife, he decides to physically dominate
his  wife.  Meaning  to  say,  eventhough  Oka  does  not  choose  to  marry  Emiko,  he can  choose  to  abuse  her.  Oka‟s  incapability  of  controlling  his  own  life  and
overcoming  financial  oppression  cause  him  to  be  abusive.  In  this  play  Orientals