Nutrient Intake and Feedlot Steer Performance

11 treatments might in a tolerance rate by ∆EH condition compared with those standard even showed below than the usual. This low rate was notified as the effect of open air analysis while putted in the ∆EH electrodes then rumen liquor was oxidized that might decreased the anaerob fermentation status. Ammonia was a ruminal fermentation product that absorbed in cattle rumen as proteolytic microbe acts where amino acid deaminated Chiba, 2014. The concentration of ammonia was found in a similar value, resulted about 12.42-14.472 mM in the rumen liquor. This results was approximate with the usually found that reported by Patra 2013 on meta-analysis study, quantified at 12.9 mM in the rumen liquor of dairy and steer cattle. But Horiguchi Takahashi 2003 found a lower result than the present study i.e. about 5.3-7.1 mM. Meanwhile in contrary, Matsuyama et al. 2002 assured that the cattle administered with RMS had a lower ammonia than the control 10 mmol dL -1 vs 14 mmol dL -1 although its nitrogen retention was improved. The ammonia concentration in the present study resulted in a similar with previous studies althought there were resulted various. This result may assure that the RMS administration did not influence proteolytic microbes activity in produced ammonia. There were found difference results according to total and partial VFA concentration acetate and butyrate between RF and Control treatment. The RF treatment resulted a higher VFA than the control, i.e 142.842 mM vs 117.906 mM, influnced by the partial VFA accumulation p0.05. In partially, the acetate and butyrate concetration in RF group were higher than the control treatment, i.e. 86.1 vs 73.247 mM and 24.29 vs 19.1 mM in the rumen liquor, respectively p0.05. Instead from the acetate and butyrate, The RF treatment unable to increase the propionate concentration, resulted 24.3-32.4 mM as similar as the control. But the acetate, propionate and butyrate of the RF and control treatment had a similar proportion in percentages. Therefore, the RF and control group achieved a similar quantities on Acetic:Propionic ratio, pointed out about 2.89-2.91. The increased of total VFA status in RF treatment was resulted by acetate and butyrate concentration P0.05, even the propionate concentration tended to be higher than the control. This present study achieved better result compared with Horiguchi and Takahashi 2004 study between with and without RMS administration to Holstein steer that gave a similar quantitiy of acetate, propionate and butyrate concentration, resulted about 40 mM; 24 mM; and 26 mM in the urmen liquor. Matsuyama et al. 2002;2004 found the propionic and butyric concentration of RMS treatment increased than the control i.e. 34.3 and 20 mmol dL -1 vs 27.1 and 16.6 mmol dL -1 , respectively. But by the acetate and total VFA in RF treatment had lowered than the control by 24 hours 50 vs 58 mmol dL -1 and 100 vs 125 mM while Holstein steers fed mainly rolled barley. In the contrary, Horiguchi Takahashi 2002 found that the RMS treatment had a lower total VFA propotion than the control 61.8 vs 87.9 mmol dL -1 after 4 hours feeding and 67.3 vs 78.3 mmol dL -1 after 24 hours feeding, but produced higher total VFA proportion than the Control 89.3 vs 45 mM while fed long rice straw and high concentrate diet to Holstein steers. These previous studies were generally unidentical according to present result by their total and partial VFA concentration, such acetate, 12 propionate and butyrate concentration. Instead, the proportion of partial VFA in the present study with and without RMS administration resulted in similar percentage. Stimulating the rumen wall with brush administration may increasing microbes activity in mechanical way, functioning as an artificial fiber. The RMS brush existency in the rumen might improve rumen motility and made the best use of nutrient fermentation into short-chain VFA as the major end product and promote the cellulolytic bacteria activity to digest fibrous. It was showed by higher production of acetate and butyrate in RF treatment, although the propionate had similar value with control. Horiguchi and Takahashi 2002 said that rumination is linked to rumen contraction and reticulorumen motility is a major factor in regulating the turnover of rumen digesta. They assumed may affect the passage rate of digesta through the ruminoreticulum that influence reticulorumen motility. Lactic acid was produced by amylolytic bacteria during the degradation of starch, furthermore in low concentrations, transformed by another amylolytic bacteria to produce propionate Nagaraja, 2012. The lactic acid concentration in the rumen liquor was found about 6.29-6.45 mM and gave a similar value between RF and control treatment. The control group potentially produced higher lactic acid concentration than the RF group, althought had a similar result with RF. Suspectedly crude fiber in feed ration intake reached the minimum requirement of feedlot steer that mantained the selulolytic bacteria activity. Chiba 2014 states that few part of the roughage component as long as can replaced by grain based concentrates which have lower potential energy than roughage, about 7.5 vs 5 mol VFA kg DM -1 were digested respectively, concentrate can compensate by the greater digestibility about 75-90 tthan roughage 45-70, and higher fermentation rates via amylolytic than the cellulolytic pathways. Increased the utilization of lactic acid in rumen occured while lactic microbes fermenters growth was promoted that indicated with this acidic status. The lower pH is often associated with higher lactate concentration in the ruminal liquor, thus this occurrence requiring a higher ruminal pH that favoring increased fiber digestibility Nagaraja et al., 2012. The buffering process was able from saliva naturally or other buffers in a ration bicarbonate to maintaining good rumen status. Because fed high grains shall decrease the rumen motility and pH fall very quickly. Promoting lactic acid hydrogenation was stronger acid than the VFA, then it was need transformed the lactic acid into propionate, thus ruminal pH tends to normal RAGFAR, 2007. Cerrilla and Martinez 2003 confirmed high concentrate diet made the high rate of total VFA, but also increased lactic acid concentration and took to acidity status in the rumen. Chiba 2014 states that only 10 of lactic acid was changes into VFA, and the common compound is metabolized to pyruvate en route to glucose and glycogen by the liver. The RMS brush may stimulate the physical function of rumen mucosa and mantain the rumen ecology from unnature digestion in fed high concentrate Horiguchi and Takahashi, 2002. The RMS brush might increased chewing activity of steer that forced a lot of saliva as the effect of excessive mastication, then rumination might increased. Horiguchi and Takahashi 2002 confirmed that the increased rumination duration time of the reticular contractions might be affect the increased passage rates of both ruminal fluid and particulate matter in bolus form. Therefore, the RMS brush