CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. The Definition of Translation
Nida and Taber 1974:33 say that translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of a source language message,
firstly in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. They add that the translator not only transfers the meaning of the source language into the target language but
also the style found in the source language. In addition, Larson states that translation consists of transferring the
meaning of the source language into the receptor language. This is done by going from the form of the first language to the form of a second language by way of
semantic structure Larson, 1984:3. Translation relates to message transferring process from the source language into the target language. It means that the target
language must be equivalent to the source language. An equivalent translation will yield an accurate translation which means that the message is successfully conveyed.
From the definitions above, it is obvious that the translator must find the equivalence of the source text and consider the style. If the translator can deliver the
messages and can keep the style well, the target readers will get the same effect as it is intended by the writer of the source text.
B. Process of Translation
Nida and Taber 1974:79 explain how a translator works, “…the competent translator actually goes through a seemingly roundabout process of
analysis, transfer, and restructuring”. The first thing done by the translator is to read the source text to understand the messages. The second thing is to transfer the
messages into the target text. And the third thing is to restructure. The process of translation is described in the following diagram.
SOURCE LANGUAGE RECEPTOR LANGUAGE TEXT TRANSLATION
ANALYSIS RESTRUCTURING
TRANSFER Adopted from Nida’s process 1974:80
Diagram 2.1 the Translation Process
1. Analysis The first step done by the translator is to read the whole source text. Then, she or he
analyses the text in order to understand the messages of the source text. 2. Transferring
After analyzing the text, the next step is to transfer the information from the source text into the target text. The translator can go back into the analysis step when she
faces difficulties in finding the equivalent meaning. In the process of transferring there will be some adjustments, in terms of structural and cultural items.
3. Restructuring In this step the translator will determine the equivalent words, grammar, language
style, etc to the target language. Besides, she must recognize the target readers. Therefore, she will deliver the messages in the text which is appropriate to the
source language.
C. Definition of Metaphor
Kategori