The translation procedures of culture specific terms in on foreign shores

THE TRANSLATION PROCEDURES OF

CULTURE-SPECIFIC TERMS IN

ON FOREIGN SHORES

A

SARJANA PENDIDIKAN

THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

to Obtain the

Sarjana Pendidikan

Degree

in English Language Education

By

Paskalis Damar Aji Kurnia

091214107

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION

FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA

i

THE TRANSLATION PROCEDURES OF

CULTURE-SPECIFIC TERMS IN

ON FOREIGN SHORES

A

SARJANA PENDIDIKAN

THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

to Obtain the

Sarjana Pendidikan

Degree

in English Language Education

By

Paskalis Damar Aji Kurnia

091214107

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION

FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA

vi

BSTRACT

Kurnia, Paskalis Damar Aji. 2014.

Procedures to Translate Culture-Specific

Terms in On Foreign Shores. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University.

In translation,

cultural differences between the source and target

language cause major difficulties. Often, cultural differences are characterized by

the absence of the relevant source language situation in the culture of the target

language. If this problem happens, a translator should employ

translation

procedures to overcome it in sentences or smaller units of language within the

text. One example of texts in which such cultural problems may occur is

On

Foreign Shores: American Images in Indonesian Poetry,

an anthology of

Indonesian poetry written in Bahasa Indonesia which is translated into English by

John McGlynn. Thus, this research is conducted to find out procedures to translate

culture-specific terms indicating cultural problems.

The research questions then were formulated as: 1) What are the

culture-specific terms found in

On Foreign Shores? and 2) What are the procedures

adopted by McGlynn in translating the culture-specific terms found in

On Foreign

Shores?

To answer both research questions, the researcher conducted a

qualitative research by using the content analysis. The research data are taken

from

On Foreign Shores.

To answer the first research question, the researcher

identified and classified culture-specific terms in

On Foreign Shores

according to

Newmark s categorisation (1988). To answer the second research question, the

researcher analyzed the procedures to translate culture-specific terms in

On

Foreign Shores

from Bahasa Indonesia into English by employing procedures

proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) and Newmark (1988).

From the analyses, it can be concluded that: first, there are 23

culture-specific terms found in

On Foreign Shores.

Second, there are 5 procedures used to

translate culture-specific terms in this anthology. Those procedures are

transference, cultural equivalence or adaptation, functional equivalence,

descriptive equivalence, and reduction. In fact, functional equivalence is the most

frequently procedure used by McGlynn. Therefore, the researcher then addressed

several recommendations for: 1) translators to take culture-specific terms and

translation procedures into account in cross-cultural translation, 2) ELESP to start

developing cross-cultural translation topic in Translation course in order that

students of ELESP are aware of cultural problems in translation, and 3) future

researchers to analyze other translation procedures that are not found in this

research in accordance to cross-cultural translation.

A

BSTRAK

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-Dalam penerjemahan, perbedaan budaya antara bahasa sumber dan

bahasa sasaran dapat menyebabkan masalah serius. Seringkali, perbedaan

budaya ditandai dengan ketiadaan situasi yang relevan menurut bahasa sumber

di dalam budaya bahasa sasaran. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, seorang

penerjemah harus menggunakan prosedur penerjemahan pada kalimat maupun

unit bahasa yang lebih sederhana di dalam naskah. Salah satu contoh naskah di

mana masalah ini terdapat adalah

4 5 +3, 0 1+3 / 36 7 ,3

78+ 3 +3. -

, sebuah antologi puisi Indonesia yang ditulis dalam Bahasa

Indonesia dan diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Inggris oleh

9 +1

H. McGlynn.

Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan prosedur untuk

menerjemahkan istilah budaya spesifik yang menandakan adanya masalah

budaya.

Pertanyaaan-pertanyaan yang akan dijawab dalam skripsi ini dapat

dirumuskan sebagai berikut: 1) Apa saja istilah budaya spesifik dalam On

Foreign Shores? dan 2) Prosedur apa saja yang digunakan oleh

McGlynn

untuk

menerjemahkan istilah budaya spesifik dalam On Foreign Shores?

Untuk menjawab rumusan masalah tersebut, peneliti melakukan

penelitian kualitatif melalui analisis isi dengan On Foreign Shores sebagai

sumber data. Untuk menjawab rumusan masalah pertama, peneliti

mengidentifikasi dan mengelompokkan istilah budaya spesifik dalam On Foreign

Shores berdasarkan kategorisasi

Newmark (1988). Untuk menjawab rumusan

masalah yang kedua, peneliti menganalisa prosedur untuk menerjemahkan istilah

budaya spesifik dalam On Foreign Shores dari Bahasa Indonesia menjadi Bahasa

Inggris dengan menggunakan prosedur yang dikemukakan oleh

Vinay

dan

Darbelnet

(1958) dan

Newmark

(1988).

Berdasarkan analisa data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa: pertama, terdapat

23 istilah budaya spesifik dalam On Foreign Shores. Kedua, terdapat 5 prosedur

yang digunakan untuk menerjemahkan istilah budaya spesifik dalam antologi ini.

Prosedur-prosedur tersebut adalah transferensi, kepadanan budaya atau

adaptasi, kepadanan fungsional, kepadanan deskriptif, dan reduksi. Kepadanan

fungsional adalah prosedur yang paling sering digunakan oleh

McGlynn. Pada

akhirnya, peneliti mengusulkan beberapa rekomendasi yang ditujukan pada: 1)

penerjemah untuk memperhitungkan istilah budaya spesifik dan prosedur

penerjemahan dalam penerjemahan antar budaya, 2) Program Studi PBI untuk

mengembangkan topik penerjemahan antar budaya dalam mata kuliah

Translation, dan 3) calon peneliti selanjutnya untuk menganalisa prosedur

penerjemahan lain yang tidak ditemukan pada penelitian ini dalam kaitannya

dengan penerjemahan antar budaya.

FOR I CONSIDER THAT THE SUFFERINGS OF THIS

PRESENT TIME ARE NOT WORTH COMPARING WITH

THE GLORY THAT IS TO BE REVEALED TO US

(ROMANS 8:18)

DEDICATED TO:

THE HOUSE OF JOYO MONAWI

THE HOUSE OF SUTARSOMO

AND

PBI 2009

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enables people to e

xchange information

with others who speak in different

languages and come from some different culture. Nida and Taber (1982: 12) state

that translation consists of reproducing in the receptor language (target language)

the closest natural equivalent of the source language message in term of meaning

and style. It can be concluded that translation should transfer the real meaning of

the source language message instead of transferring only the form. That idea

defines what an ideal translation is. However, fulfilling the criteria of the ideal

translation is not an easy thing. Based on Larson (1984: 163), cultural differences

between the source and target language pose major difficulties for translators.

Certain concepts in the source language may have no equivalence in the target

language because of differences in aspects, such as geography, customs, beliefs,

and various other factors. For example, some Javanese words like

macapat,

which

means old traditional Javanese verses,

paklik,

which means the younger brother of

one s parents,

budhe,

which means the older sister of one s parents, and

surjan,

which means traditional Javanese clothes for men, may be difficult to be

translated into English because English, the target language does not have cultural

equivalences for those words.

The problem of non-equivalence in translation has become a serious

threat to translators. Based on Nida and Taber (1974), a translation reaches the

highest degree of equivalence when the receptors of the target language respond

to it in substantially the same manner as the receptors in the source language; it is

also called dynamic equivalence. Meanwhile, non-equivalence is rooted the

untranslatability. The untranslatability itself, based on Catford (1965: 94), occurs

when it is impossible to build features of the situation which are functionally

relevant to the contextual meaning of the target language. There are two types of

untranslatability, linguistic and cultural untranslatability. Linguistic

untranslatability is caused by the failure to find a target language equivalence due

to the differences in source language and target language, while cultural

untranslatability is caused by the absence of the relevant source language situation

in the culture of the target language. Baker (1992: 20) reveals the occurence of

non-equivalence in the word level which is defined by the absence of direct

equivalence concept in the target language.

To analyze how problems of untranslatability and non-equivalence

rooted from the absence of local Indonesian cultural concepts in English, this

research focuses on some Indonesian poetry which is translated into English.

Poetry is chosen as the means of this research because of its likeliness of being

untranslatable, which Jakobson claims as an impact of the form of words that

contributes to the construction of the meaning in text (1959: 238). Thus, the

researcher considers that translating poetry is not an easy quest. As El-shafey

(2012: 12) states that it is considered the highest forms of translation as it

involves more than simply translating text. Poetry is an extraordinary kind of

text; it is the most personal and concentrated of all literary forms, no redundancy,

no phatic language, where, as a unit, the word has greater importance than in any

p

other type of text (Newmark, 1988: 163). Therefore, the research only focuses on

words which become the first unit of meaning preceding the sentence.

In conducting this research, the researcher analyzed all poems featured

in

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