Based on standardization procedure, DO tolerance for good condition is more than or equivalent to 4 mgl. While, DO proposition is over or equivalent to
6 mgl. Dissolved oxygen in Maros is approximately between 9 to 12 mgl. Data available shown that dissolved oxygen in Maros is still appropriate to support
organism life cycle.
Potential of Hydrogen PH
PH was done to measure hydrogen ion concentration of water, showing acid and alkali of water. PH value is influential towards dissolved substance and
nutrient availability for organism. PH measurement in the research area is still normal 6.5 – 7.5. From PH spatial distribution, mixing area between seawater
and fresh water showed relatively lower PH. PH distribution map is represented in Fig 4.16.
4.3. Coastal Ecosystem
Mangrove, Seagrass and Coral Reef Ecosystems
Distribution of Mangrove potencies in Maros is started from southern part of research area up to Makasar city. This area did not cover the research area.
Local government has already determined that southern part from research area will be created as green belt area, especially for mangrove, Master plan of Maros,
2002
Potencies of seagrass in Maros and surroundings were found near the small islands, which is associated with coral reef and it is distributed in shallow
water with sand mud substrate.
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Coral reef is a specific habitat that provides shelter, food and breeding sites for numerous plants and animals. Potencies of coral reef in Maros and
surroundings were found in small islands and western part of the research area. Distribution of them can be seen in Fig 4.7 landuse map.
4.4. Potencies of Domestic Resources Demography
The population of South Sulawesi is 8,162,816 people with density level of 129,928 peoplekm2. While, the population of Maros itself in 2001 year was
279,259 people with density of 168 peoplekm2. People of Maros consist of some cultural ethnic groups, the Bugis and Makassar are biggest groups. The society
of Maros was known as religious people with high tolerance. Pangkajene region has population of 265,754 people with density of 239
people km2. Just like South Sulawesi province, the society of Pangkajene
consists of ethnic groups of which Bugis and Makassar are the biggest groups.
Agriculture Sector
Area of cultivation in South Sulawesi is about 3.3 million ha. The biggest landuse covered agriculture 27.96, secondly plantation 26.94, followed by
land-aqua cultivation 5.72, savanna 13.95 and other landuses 25.43. Irrigation potencies were still large 348,036 Ha consisting of technique
irrigation 247,270 Ha, semi technique irrigation 82,478 Ha, and simple irrigation 18,288 Ha.
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Agriculture development was supported by warehouse stock storages to store rice with capacity 100,000 tonnes that is located in Parepare, and also other
warehouses storages are distributed in Makassar harbor and industrial areas.
Fishing Sector
In 1994, fishing sub-sector gave contribution to Domestic Brutto Income PDRB 7.67, and then increased to 9.20 in 1999. Contribution of fishing sub-
sector towards agricultural sector in 1994 19.98 increased to 21.94 in 1999. Fish marine productivity in 1994 was 394.4 thousand tonnes and increased in
1999 to become 429.9 thousand tonnes with average growth of 4.23 . Fishing productivity increased approximately 4.43 per year coming from fishing
activities in marine, river, fishpond, pond, etc. Windu shrimp is one of the main commercial fishing sub-sectors in Maros.
It is still possible to increase the market for this product, especially for export. For shrimp commodity, the real production in 1997 was 15,266 tonnes, of which
8,013 tonnes of shrimp were exported with a value of US 7 million in 1998. In 2001, productivity of shrimp reached 29,138 tonnes that comes from 85,000 Ha
areas. Central productions are located in Maros, Pangkep, Berru, Pinrang, Takalar, Janeponto, Bulukumba, Sinjai and Selanjar.
Fishing sub-sector development in South Sulawesi was supported by harbors. Fishing harbors are located in Paotere Makassar, Banggae Majene,
Boddia Takalar, Kasiwa Mamuju, Lappa Sinjai, Kejang Bulukumba, and Pontap Luwu.
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70 Multilevel method was used to determine the coastal ecosystem zones at
macro scale. Firstly, coral reef, mangrove, and seagrass distribution were classified, and then factors that influence marine such as salinity and sea
temperature and socio aspect society pressuring were also classified. Secondly, from overlaying of maps using scoring method, coastal ecosystem zones were
obtained Table 4.3.. To maintain natural resources should consider how to protect flora and
fauna that have unique, scarcity, beautifulness values. It is also prevail to maintain coastal natural resources. Hence, this research has grouped coastal ecosystem
zoning into 4 classes, they are; preservation, conservation, buffer and uses areas. After the analysis process, only 2 classification of zoning are obtained, they are;
buffer and uses zone, hence all areas can be used for any uses but still considering the environmental sustainability.
4.5. Coastal Ecosystem Zoning
