2.3.1. Marine Cultivation Fishpond, Seaweed and Keramba Jaring Apung
Coastal area can be divided in two main sub area based on its physical characteristics. They are tidal area, which is usually dominated by mangrove and
fishpond, and beach land, which is located on higher elevation than tidal area. Beach land is usually used for agriculture field, such as coconut plantation and
rice field Purnomo 1998. This area has often been used for many kinds of coastal activities such as marine cultivation, tourism and fishing activities.
One of national incomes comes from fishing subsectors. Recently, the government has been developing some efforts to increase fish productivity
through fishpond cultivations. In Indonesia, fishpond cultivation have been known long time ago in Indonesia, and more popular in 1980 – 1990 as marine
cultivation, which can be performed in traditional, semi intensive, and intensive ways Buwono, 1993.
There are some aspects that have to be considered in developing an area for fishpond cultivation, such as its location from coastline as well as from river,
the slope, soil type and landform. Bakosurtanal National Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping has developed some requirement for suitable area for
fishpond cultivation as can be seen in Table 2.1. In Indonesia, seaweed cultivation has been introduced by the European.
Seaweed is a commercial name of algae species that is harvested from marine, Nontji, 1993. There are many uses of this cultivation, such as: organic fertilizer,
standard material of food and cosmetic, and medicine. Seaweed that has high economic value is often developed, for example, Eucheuma sp, Gracilliria sp,
Gelidium sp, and Sargasum Sp.
12
Table 2.1. Matrix of suitability for Fishpond Cultivation
Categorize and scoring No
Variable weighting
S1 Highly
Suitable Score
S2 Suitable
Score S3
marginally Suitable
Score N
Not Suitable Score
1. Distance from
coastline km
4 0 – 5
4 5 – 6
3 6 – 7
2 7
1 2. Distance
from river m
3 0 – 500
4 500 – 800
3 800 – 1100
2 1100
1 3.
Slope 4
0 – 2 4
2 – 3 3
- 2
3 1
4. Litho logy
4 Qac
4 Temt
3 Tme
2 Tmet, Tmcv
1 5. Soil
type 4
Entisol, inceptisol
4 Entisol, inceptisol
3 Entisol, inceptisol,
Ultisol 2 Oxisol
1 6.
Landform 3
F7, F11, M4, M10, M14
4 F5, F12, F13
3 D4, K3
2 D1, D3, D2,
D15, S1, S2, V15
1 7.
Land use 3
A 4 B 3 2 C 1
Source: Bakosurtanal, 2004
To obtain optimal seaweed productivity location should be selected that is suitable with its eco-biology grown requirements. More detail about seaweed
growth requirements can be seen in Table 2.2. Fish cultivation can be also performed by traditional method, namely
keramba jaring apung, which has been developed long time ago in Indonesia. It is one of the cultivation techniques being developed to avoid coral reef disturbance
Subandar, 2003. Table 2.2. Matrix of suitability for Seaweed Cultivation
Categorize and scoring No
Variable weighting
S1 Highly
Suitable Score
S2 Suitable
Score S3
marginally Suitable
Score N
Not Suitable Score
1. Current Velocity
msec 4
10 - 14 4
5 - 10 3
3 – 5 2
3 and 14
1 2. Depth
water m
4 8 – 12
4 12 – 16
3 4 - 8
16 – 20 2
4 20
1 3. Sechi
Disk Dept
4 75
4 50 – 75
3 25 - 50
2 25
1 4.
PH 3
7,6 – 8,3 4
7 - 7,6 8,3 – 8,5
3 6,5 - 7
8,5 – 9 2
6,5 9
1 5. Oxygen
Demand 4
6 4
5 – 6 3
4 – 5 2
4 1
6. Salinity
4 31 – 33
4 28 - 31
33 – 35 3
25 - 28 35 – 36
2 25
36 1
7. Surface temperature
4 25 – 31
4 23 – 25
31 – 33 3
20 - 23 33 – 36
2 20
36 1
Source: Wahyuningrum at Abdul Haris, 2003 with modification
13
One example for determining appropriate location of “keramba jaring apung” have been done by MCMA Marine Coastal of Management Area
surveys team in South Sulawesi 1995 in which “keramba jarring apung” can be found both in southern and western of South Sulawesi.
Selected location for “keramba jaring apung” must follow environment criteria for cultivation, which will determine cultivation successfulness. Some
requirements such as current velocity, depth water, PH, oxygen demand, salinity and temperature should fulfill the requirements for “keramba jaring apung”. More
details about the requirement for “keramba jaring apung” developed by Bakosurtanal are shown in Table 2.3.
Table 2.3. Matrix for suitability of Keramba Jaring Apung kajapung
Categorize and scoring No
Variable weighting
S1 Highly
Suitable Score
S2 Suitable
Score S3
marginally Suitable
Score N
Not Suitable Score
1. Current Velocity
msec 4
10 - 14 4
5 - 10 3
3 – 5 2
3 and 14
1 2. Depth
water m
4 8 – 12
4 12 – 16
3 4 - 8
16 – 20 2
4 20
1 3. Sechi
Disk Dept
4 75
4 50 – 75
3 25 - 50
2 25
1 4.
PH 3
7,6 – 8,3 4
7 - 7,6 8,3 – 8,5
3 6,5 - 7
8,5 – 9 2
6,5 9
1 5. Oxygen
Demand 4
6 4
5 – 6 3
4 – 5 2
4 1
6. Salinity
4 31 – 33
4 28 - 31
33 – 35 3
25 - 28 35 – 36
2 25
36 1
7. Surface temperature
4 25 – 31
4 23 – 25
31 – 33 3
20 - 23 33 – 36
2 20
36 1
Source : Bakosurtanal, 2004
2.3.2. Fishing Resources Potencies
Kategori