8 effective than is usually possible without it Hayes, 1963:1. In this study, a
language laboratory is a place which is equipped by some electronic tools such as television and VCD player for fifth grade students to enhance their activities and
practice if learning English.
5. Video
Video is a supercharged medium of communication and a powerful vehicle of information. It is packed with messages, images, and ambiguity, and so
represents a rich terrain to be worked and reworked in the language learning classroom Cooper, Lavery, and Rinvolucri, 1991: 11. Harmer 2007: 144 also
stated video is richer than audio: speakers can be seen; their body movements give clues as to meaning; so do the clothes they wear, their location, etc. Background
information can be filled in visually. In this study, videos become the main materials of the design which are suitable to be applied for fifth grade students in
the language laboratory. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
9
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter is divided into two main parts, namely theoretical description and theoretical framework. Theoretical description discusses some theories related
to the study. Theoretical framework discusses major relevant theories which help to answer the problems of the study.
A. Theoretical Description
The section is aimed at giving foundation from related literatures and written sources to conduct this study. Four major areas are discussed; they are
instructional material design models, language laboratory, elementary school, communicative approach and video.
1. Instructional Material Design Models
Teaching needs a plan. The plan covers selecting and arranging materials, method, and media which are suitable for the students. The expectations in
designing instructional materials are to facilitate the teacher in preparing materials and to given an alternative source Indrawan, 2002:7. By preparing plan, students
are stimulated to learn more effectively and efficiently. There are a lot of numbers of instructional design models. Each model has
its own characteristics. Basically, the models present some steps for designing instructional materials. In this part, the writer reviews two models of designing
instructional materials from Kemp and Yalden. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
