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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents a detailed description about methods used to answer the problem formulation. The discussion involves method, respondents, setting,
instrument, data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and procedures.
A. Method of the Study
As already mentioned in previous chapter, this study required the educational research and development RD which refers to an exploration in
the educational field not excluding the needs of development and validation. Borg and Gall state:
Educational research and development RD is a process used to develop and validate educational products. The steps of this
process are usually referred to as the RD cycle, which consists of studying research findings pertinent to the product to be developed,
developing the product based on these findings, field testing it in the setting where it will be used eventually, and revising it to
correct the deficiencies found in the field-testing stage Borg and Gall, 1983: 772.
The RD consists of a cycle which in which the version of a product is developed, field–tested, and revised on the basis of field–test data. There are ten
steps of RD. However, this study required only five out of ten steps since the first five steps were suitable to design the materials. The main focus in this study
was to design and present the materials without implementing it. Those five steps applied in this study were: research and information collecting, planning, develop
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preliminary form of the product, preliminary evaluation and main product revision. Each step was clarified below:
1. Research and Information Collecting
This step was administered to gain data related to this study. Since this study was about fifth grade students, it was significant to collect the data related to
the students’ need in learning English. The information was gathered by conducting interview to the English teachers since they knew exactly what the
students’ need.
2. Planning
The planning step was carried out after conducting the research and information collecting. The planning was carried out by formulating the results
from interview about students’ need which was regarded as needs analysis.
3. Developing Preliminary Form of Product
The next step was significant to facilitate students in learning English. The design covered appropriate themes, topics, activities for students in accordance
with the guide book and curriculum used by English teachers.
4. Preliminary Evaluation
This step related to the previous step in which the designed materials were needed to be evaluated. The evaluation was conducted by English teachers and
English lecturers. From this step, the writer gained comments and feedback which were beneficial to make better design.