Types of Code Switching in Hitam Putih Talk Show 12 June 2013

the switch “so we understand each other”. The clause is also the evidence of Intersentential switch because it occurs within sentences. It appears between simple sentence, “Emang gak terlalu di-explore terlalu banyak” and complex compound sentence; “Kita bicara 4-5 bahasa, gue ngerti bahasa dia dan dia ngerti bahasa gue”. A-DN193-UN340 Utterance “to be honest, gue sendiri masih liat dulu ya dari segi timnya sendiri gimana nih untuk marketing Killers- nya dan feed back dari masyarakat sendiri film Killers-nya. Next-nya sih kita udah ngeliat beberapa script yang gue suka banget to be honest, dan gue pengen banget nge-produce beberapa film dari beberapa director ini. So we’ll see. Ini gue masih open banget sih, jadi gue masih belum tau apa-apa.” Based on A-DN193-UN340, the switch “so well see” is categorized into Intersentential switch because it occurs after pause employment. It is shown from, “Next-nya sih kita udah ngeliat beberapa script yang gue suka banget to be honest dan gue pengen banget nge-produce beberapa film dari beberapa director ini pause so we’ll see”. The pause occurs to indicate the boundary of the sentences. In this case, it indicates the boundary between the second sentence “Next-nya sih kita udah ngeliat beberapa script yang gue suka banget to be honest dan gue pengen banget nge-produce beberapa film dari beberapa director ini” and the switch “so we’ll see”. The clause also belongs to Intersentential switch because it occurs between complex compound sentence “Next-nya sih kita udah ngeliat beberapa script yang gue suka banget to be honest, dan gue pengen banget nge-produce beberapa film dari beberapa director ini” and second compound sentence is “Ini gue masih open banget sih, jadi gue masih belum tau apa-apa.” A-DN170-UN327 Utterance “ya ya lumayan kayak Paul Walker dia sering banget ke Indonesia. He is a surfer. Kayaknya dia lebih tahu banyak tentang pelosok-pelosok Indonesia untuk surfing dibanding gue. Dia nyebutin beberapa pulau yang gue gak pernah denger kan, “ I’ve been there, I’ve been here.” Dan waktu gue di Spain, gue ketemu Chris Hemswort yang main Thor yang pernah ke Sumba island”. According to A-DN170-UN327, the clause “He is a surfer” is the evidence of Intersentential Switch because it occurs after pause employment. It can be seen from; “ya ya lumayan kayak Paul Walker dia sering banget ke Indonesia pause He is a surfer”. The occurence of the pause here is to indicate the limits of the sentences. It indicates the boundary between the first sentence “ya ya lumayan kayak Paul Walker dia sering banget ke Indonesia” and the switch “He is a surfer”. This switch is categorized into Intersentential switch because it appears between complex sentences; “ya ya lumayan kayak Paul Walker dia sering banget ke Indonesia” and “kayaknya dia lebih tahu banyak tentang pelosok-pelosok Indonesia dibanding gue”. A-DN172-UN327 Utterance “ya ya lumayan kayak Paul Walker dia sering banget ke Indonesia. He is a surfer. Kayaknya dia lebih tahu banyak tentang pelosok-pelosok Indonesia untuk surfing dibanding gue. Dia nyebutin beberapa pulau yang gue gak pernah denger kan. “ I’ve been there, I’ve been here.” Dan waktu gue di Spain, gue ketemu Chris Hemswort yang main Thor yang pernah ke Sumba island.” In A-DN172-UN327, these clauses “Ive been there, Ive been here” are Intersentential Switch because they occur after pause employment; “Dia nyebutin beberapa pulau yang gue gak pernah denger kan pause I’ve been there, I’ve been here”. The pause employed occurs to point out the limit between the third sentence of the utterance “Dia nyebutin beberapa pulau yang gue gak pernah denger kan” and the switch “I’ve been there, I’ve been here”. Besides, these clauses are also categorized to Intersentential switch because they occur between complex sentence “Dia nyebutin beberapa pulau yang gue gak pernah denger kan” and complex compound sentence “Dan waktu gue di Spain gue ketemu Chris Hemswort yang main Thor yang pernah ke Sumba Island”. A-DN71-UN79 Utterance it’s imposible karena I think untuk bikin set selebar itu akan lebih makan waktu. Which is mereka ngejar waktu karena scene-scene- nya Vin Diesel dan Ben Jonshon udah gak bisa digeser sama mereka pake actual lokasi. Jadi mereka block Waterloo station untuk ekstrati ada 200. Jadi mereka hire extras untuk ngisi. Which is cost lot of money. In A-DN71-UN79, the clause “which is cost lots of money” is Intersentential Switch because it occurs after pause employment. It is shown from; “Jadi mereka hire extras untuk ngisi pause Which is cost lot of money. In this case, the pause occurs to indicate the boundary between the forth sentence “Jadi mereka hire extras untuk ngisi” and the switch “which cost lots of money”. In this case the switch occurs after complex compound sentence; “Which is mereka ngejar waktu karena scene-scene-nya Vin Diesel dan Ben Jonshon udah gak bisa digeser sama mereka pake actual lokasi” and compound sentence “Jadi mereka block Waterloo Station untuk ekstrasi ada 200 jadi mereka hire extras untuk ngisi”. 3. Intrasentential Switch Intrasentential switch means the switch occurs within a sentence or a clause. Based on the data, the writer sees that the data of Intrasentential switch also occur in various Indonesian sentences. Based on the findings, there are 156 data that belong to Intrasentential switch. These are some evidences of Intrasentential switch that occur in Hitam Putih talk show: A-DN32-UN36 Utterance “Really nice. Jadi sangat-sangat dibantu oleh The Raid kan. I think hampir semua industri di Amerika, Film maker,casting director, director, rata-rata udah nonton The Raid semua. Jadi setelah gue nyampe di sana ketemu orang, mereka langsung I love your movie, I love the Raid. Jadi udah break the ice. Mereka bilang we really love you to be in our project, lets work together. Jadi gak awkward”. In A-DN32-UN36, the switch occurs as a phrase. The phrase “break the ice” is the evidence of Intrasentential switch because it occurs within sentence. In this case, the phrase occurs in forth sentence; “Jadi udah break the ice”. In addition, based on Indonesian grammatical rule the switch appears in a simple sentence. A-DN73-UN81 Utterance “mungkin, it is one of the land mark, gue rasa sih untuk orang di London Waterloo Station otomatis banyak sih kayak film Borne syuting disitu. Jadi kayak suatu tempat yang catchy sih. According to A-DN73-UN81, the switch occurs as single word. The word “catchy” is categorized in Intrasentential switch because it occurs within sentence. In this case it occurs in the last sentence “Jadi kayak suatu tempat yang catchy sih”. According to Indonesian grammatical rule, the switch occurs in the sentence named simple sentence. A-DN84-UN118 Utterance “Jadi ceritanya memang itu grup kan multiculture dan kita udah kerja bareng di beberapa proyek sebelumnya. Emang gak terlalu di explore terlalu banyak, So we understand each other kita bicara 4-5 bahasa, gue ngerti bahasa dia dan dia ngerti bahasa gue. Kita udah seperti demikian satunya” In A-DN84-UN118, the switch occurs as single word. The switch “Multiculture” is categorized into Intrasentential switch because it occurs within sentence. The word “multiculture” occurs in the first clause of the first sentence;“Jadi ceritanya memang itu grup kan multiculture.” In this case, the phrase occurs in the first sentence which is a compound sentence. A-DN42-UN44 Utterance “ sebagai seorang aktor di Indonesia tentu aja sih pengen setinggi- tingginya dan sejauh-jauhnya untuk berkarya sih tapi setelah The Raid keluar semua pintu kebuka. Mereka melihat talenta yang ada di The Raid keluar dan gue sangat beruntung dipilih which is sempat di Hollywood deadline, www.deadline.com sempat bilang Joe Taslim in fast land. Sebenarnya untuk masuk ke industri sebesar itu sulit. Biasanya harus dari TV dulu, extra supporting baru bisa .” Based on A-DN42-UN44, the switch occurs as a phrase. The phrase “extra supporting” is categorized into Intrasentential switch because it occurs within sentence. In this case the switch occurs in the last sentence; “Biasanya harus dari TV dulu, extra supporting baru bisa”. In Indonesian grammatical rule, the last sentence is named compound sentence. So, the switch here occurs in compound sentence. A-DN43-UN45 Utterance Karena ini Live jadi anda yang ada di rumah kalo anda ingin bertanya, anda bisa langsung gunakan hashtag ask Joe. Sebelumnya untuk mengingatkan sedikit dulu, kita akan melihat adegan fighting Joe Taslim di fast furious. In A-DN43-UN45, the switch occurs as single word. The word “fighting” is the evidence of Intrasentential switch because it occurs within sentence. In this case it occurs in the second sentence and specifically in the second clause. It is seen “kita akan melihat adegan fighting Joe Taslim di fast furious”. According to Indonesian grammatical rule, the phrase occurs in the second which is a complex sentence. It is shown from “Sebelumnya untuk mengingatkan sedikit dulu, kita akan melihat adegan fighting Joe Taslim di fast furious”. A-DN116-UN208 Utterance “Tapi kadang- kadang kita tidak boleh melupakan siapa Joe Taslim sebenarnya, siapakah dia dulu. Jadi setiap manusia tu ada yang namanya ugly truth yang orang sudah lupa sebenarnya.” According to A-DN116-UN208, the switch occurs as a phrase. The phrase “Ugly truth” is categorized as Intrasentential Switch because it occurs within sentence. It can be seen from; “Jadi setiap manusia tu ada yang namanya ugly truth yang orang sudah lupa sebenarnya”. Based on Indonesian grammatical rule, the phrase in this case appears in the complex sentence. A-DN11-UN20 Utterance “Kalo emang karakter itu nggak penting untuk ngomong, dan mereka ngerasa kayak nggak ada kebutuhan untuk di cerita, they dont give them lines. Biasanya seperti itu” In A-DN11-UN20, the switch occurs as a clause. The clause “they don’t give them lines” is the evidence of Intrasentential switch because it occurs in a one sentence. In this case, it occurs in the first sentence. According to Indonesian grammatical rule, the first sentence is a type of complex compound sentence. Therefore, the switch here occurs in complex compound sentence. A-DN63-UN77 Utterance “ya tapi karena untuk adegan itu kita harus nge- block Waterloo Station which is salah satu stasiun yang sangat padat, dan it costs lots of money”. Based on A-DN63-UN77, the switch appears as a clause. The clause “it costs lots of money” belongs to Intrasentential switch because it occurs only in one sentence. The occurrence of the switch can be seen from; “ya tapi karena untuk adegan itu kita harus nge-block Waterloo Station which is salah satu stasiun yang sangat padat, dan it costs lots of money”. According to Indonesian grammatical rule, the switch here also occurs in the complex compound sentence.

B. Functions of Code Switching in Hitam Putih Talk Show 12 June 2013

According to the theories mentioned previously, there are six functions of conversation code switching. After the whole data were analyzed, the writer found that code switching that were employed by the three participants in Hitam Putih talk show only have functions as Quotation, Interjection, Reiteration, Message Qualification, Personalization vs Objectivization. Nonetheless, the writer also found new function of code switching aside the theory from Gumperz which is lexical gap filling. 1. Quotation which means the switch is used to mark a reported speech. Based on the findings, there are 4 data of code switching that functions as quotation. The evidence of quotation that occurs in Hitam Putih talk show can be seen as follow: B-DN30-UN30 Utterance Really nice, jadi sangat- sangat dibantu oleh The Raid kan. I think hampir semua industri di Amerika, Film maker, casting director, director, rata-rata udah nonton The Raid semua. Jadi setelah gue nyampe di sana ketemu orang mereka langsung I love your movie, I love the Raid, jadi udah break the ice. Mereka bilang we really love you to be in our project, lets work together. Jadi gak awkward. The function of the switch occurs in this data is closely related to the main idea of every sentence. According to B-DN30-UN30, the main idea of the first sentence is The Raid film was very helpful. In the second sentence, the main idea is almost all American industries have watched The Raid. The main idea of the third sentence is Hollywood team work were happy to work with Joe and already break the ice. The idea of the forth sentence is Hollywood team workers’ feeling of happiness to welcome Joe. The idea of the last sentence is Joe’s conclusion that he did not feel awkward. In this case, the writer focuses on the switch which is functioned as quotation. According to this data, the switch “we love you to be in our project” is considered to be quotation. The switch here has the function to clarify a reported speech. It can be seen from the last sentence; “Mereka bilang we really love you to be in our project, let’s work together. Jadi gak awkward”. The occurrence of the switch is to show the Hollywood team workers’ welcoming statement to Joe. In this last sentence, there is change of the subject as the characteristic of reported speech. The change can be seen from the word mereka they into we. In this switch, the pronoun “we” refers to Hollywood team workers and the pronoun “you” refers to Joe. This can be said that Joe switched his language into English by reporting the speech from Hollywood team workers. B-DN166-UN327 Utterance “ya ya lumayan kayak Paul Walker dia sering banget ke Indonesia. He is a surfer. Kayaknya dia lebih tahu banyak tentang pelosok- pelosok Indonesia untuk surfing dibanding gue. Dia nyebutin beberapa pulau yang gue gak pernah denger kan. I’ve been there, I’ve been here. Dan waktu gue di Spain, gue ketemu Chris Hemswort yang main Thor yang pernah ke Sumba island. The function of code switching is closely related to the main idea of every sentence. Based on B-DN166-UN327, the main point of the first sentence is about Paul Walker who often comes to Indonesia. The main point of the second sentence is about Paul’s knowledge toward some small islands in Indonesia for surfing. In the third sentence, the main point is about Paul’s statement about some islands. In the fourth sentence, the main point is about Paul’s visit in some places in Indonesia. The main idea in the last sentence is about Joe’s meeting with Chris Hemswort who has been in Sumba island. According to the data, there are some switches that occur in the utterance above. The switch in this case is considered as quotation because it marks a reported speech. There is the changing of the subject as the characteristic of in from word “Dia” into I. The pronoun “I” in the switch form refers to Paul Walker. So, in this particular object, Joe reports what is said by Paul Walker. Based on the explanation above toward quotation, the writer finds that the types of code switching are also involved. In B-DN30-UN30 , the switch occurs as Intrasentential switch and in B-DN166-UN327, the switch occurs as Intersentential switch. Therefore, it can be said that the type of code switching that are functioned as quotation can be Intrasentential and Intersential switches. 2. Interjection which is the switch serves to mark an interjection or sentence filler. Based on the findings, there are 24 data of code switching that has the function as interjection. The examples of interjection in Hitam Putih talk show can be seen as follows: B-DN38-UN42 Utterance Umm, Gak secepat ini, I mean like pasti butuh kerja keras yang banyak. The function of the code switching occurs in the data above is related to main point of every sentence. Based on B-DN38-UN42, the main idea of the first sentence is without the Raid he cannot be in Hollywood. In the second sentence, the main idea is about the need to work hard. In the data above, there is a switch which occurs in tag form. In this particular object, the switch is functioned as interjection since it serves to mark a tag or sentence filler. It can be said that the switch is used for short pause. The sentences filler used by Joe to signal to Dedy that Joe has paused to think but has not finished speaking yet. In addition, the switch “I mean like” in this context is also used for an emphasis. Since the main point of the utterance occurs in the first sentence, so the switch here occurs in the second sentence to support the idea in the first sentence. B-DN45-UN52 Utterance “Jadi sebenarnya basically dia bikin kerangka suatu pertarungan. Jadi dia bikin kerangkanya dari sini ke sini dan beberapa angle dan kita latihan dulu untuk dapetin flow-nya.” Based on the data above, the main ideas of each sentence are needed to find the function of the interjection switch. The idea in the first sentence is about the making of frame of the story. The main idea in the second sentence is about the making of frame and some angles then practice to feel the flow. In B-DN45-UN52, the switch “basically” is regarded to be functioned as interjection because it serves to mark a sentence filler. In this case the switch occurs in the first sentence which is the actual main point of the utterance above.